{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:23:49Z","timestamp":1792513429352,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensitive, reliable and fast diagnostic tools that are applicable in low-resource settings, at the point of care (PoC), are seen as crucial in the fight against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Addressing the need for a PoC test, several diagnostic tests, including serological and molecular methods, have been developed and evaluated in the past. One promising molecular method, already implemented for diagnosis of a range of diseases, is the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, using a comprehensive search strategy, we focus on studies evaluating the performance of LAMP for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in humans and other mammals such as dogs, compared with microscopy and\/or any other molecular diagnostic method. A meta-analysis, pooling sensitivity and specificity rates and calculating areas under the curve (AUCs) in summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) plots, was conducted on datasets extracted from studies, grouped by clinical condition and sample type. We found high sensitivity and specificity for LAMP when compared with microscopy and PCR using blood samples, with pooled estimate values of\u2009&gt;\u200990% for all subgroups, corresponding to calculated AUC values\u2009&gt;\u20090.96, except for LAMP compared to microscopy for diagnosis of CL. However, only a limited number of studies were truly comparable. Most of the observed heterogeneity is likely based on true differences between the studies rather than sampling error only. Due to simple readout methods and low laboratory equipment requirements for sample preparation compared to other molecular methods, LAMP is a promising candidate for a molecular (near-)PoC diagnostic method for VL and CL.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05133-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T11:03:27Z","timestamp":1643022207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Diagnosis of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocols: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5252-9676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid Christine","family":"Erber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Julian","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Moreira","family":"de Avelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Swoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00e1ucia","family":"Cota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Walochnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00788-y","volume":"42","author":"PM Kaye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaye PM, Cruz I, Picado A, Van Bocxlaer K, Croft SL. Leishmaniasis immunopathology-impact on design and use of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs. Semin Immunopathol. 2020;42:247\u201364.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"5133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.06.003","volume":"11","author":"PA Bates","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bates PA. Leishmania sand fly interaction: progress and challenges. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008;11:340\u20134.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62866","volume":"2","author":"DM Claborn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Claborn DM. The biology and control of leishmaniasis vectors. J Glob Infect Dis. 2010;2:127\u201334.","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4797051","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4797051","volume":"2017","author":"HJ Shimozako","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shimozako HJ, Wu J, Massad E. The preventive control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis: efficacy and economic evaluation. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017;2017:4797051.","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"5133_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.10.005","volume":"33","author":"J van Griensven","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Griensven J, Diro E. Visceral leishmaniasis: recent advances in diagnostics and treatment regimens. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019;33:79\u201399.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"5133_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","volume":"392","author":"S Burza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burza S, Croft SL, Boelaert M. Leishmaniasis. Lancet. 2018;392:951\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5133_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.12.004","volume":"30","author":"D Mukhopadhyay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay D, Dalton JE, Kaye PM, Chatterjee M. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: an unresolved mystery. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:65\u201374.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0002","volume":"3","author":"SP Georgiadou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Georgiadou SP, Makaritsis KP, Dalekos GN. Leishmaniasis revisited: Current aspects on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Transl Int Med. 2015;3:43\u201350.","journal-title":"J Transl Int Med"},{"key":"5133_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis. n.D. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis. Accessed 19 Apr 2020."},{"key":"5133_CR10","unstructured":"GHO|By category|Number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported - Data by country WHO. World Health Organization; 2020. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gho\/data\/node.main.NTDLEISHVNUM?lang=en. Accessed 30 June 2020."},{"key":"5133_CR11","unstructured":"GHO|By category|Number of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported - Data by country. WHO. World Health Organization; 2020. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gho\/data\/node.main.NTDLEISHCNUM?lang=en. Accessed 30 June 2020."},{"key":"5133_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e35671.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5133_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011","volume":"8","author":"MA Ghatee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghatee MA, Taylor WR, Karamian M. The geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agents in Iran and its neighboring countries, a review. Front Public Health. 2020;8:11.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"5133_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2028-5","volume":"10","author":"D Steverding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steverding D. The history of leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:82.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003438","volume":"9","author":"M Berzunza-Cruz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berzunza-Cruz M, Rodr\u00edguez-Moreno \u00c1, Guti\u00e9rrez-Granados G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Salazar C, Stephens CR, Hidalgo-Mihart M, et al. Leishmania (L.) mexicana infected bats in Mexico: novel potential reservoirs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003438.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0114-z","volume":"16","author":"HJC de Vries","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Vries HJC, Reedijk SH, Schallig HDFH. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: recent developments in diagnosis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015;16:99\u2013109.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"5133_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004495","volume":"10","author":"J van Griensven","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Griensven J, Gadisa E, Aseffa A, Hailu A, Beshah AM, Diro E. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004495.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1086\/319990","volume":"32","author":"GAS Romero","year":"2001","unstructured":"Romero GAS, de Farias Guerra MV, Paes MG, Mac\u00eado VDO. Comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis in Brazil: clinical findings and diagnostic approach. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1304\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2303.160377","volume":"23","author":"D Satragno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Satragno D, Faral-Tello P, Canneva B, Verger L, Lozano A, Vitale E, et al. Autochthonous outbreak and expansion of canine visceral leishmaniasis, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23:536\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-342","volume":"10","author":"I Cruz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz I, Acosta L, Guti\u00e9rrez MN, Nieto J, Ca\u00f1avate C, Deschutter J, et al. A canine leishmaniasis pilot survey in an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis: Posadas (Misiones, Argentina). BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:342.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000585","volume":"4","author":"C Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez C, Wang O, Strutz SE, Gonz\u00e1lez-Salazar C, S\u00e1nchez-Cordero V, Sarkar S. Climate change and risk of leishmaniasis in North America: predictions from ecological niche models of vector and reservoir species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4:e585.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13822-1","volume":"7","author":"LK Koch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koch LK, Kochmann J, Klimpel S, Cunze S. Modeling the climatic suitability of leishmaniasis vector species in Europe. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5133_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.047340corr1","volume":"83","author":"TV Piscopo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piscopo TV. Leishmaniasis. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83:649\u201357.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"5133_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.09.006","volume":"105","author":"P Srivastava","year":"2011","unstructured":"Srivastava P, Dayama A, Mehrotra S, Sundar S. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011;105:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00048-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00048-18","volume":"31","author":"F Alves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alves F, Bilbe G, Blesson S, Goyal V, Monnerat S, Mowbray C, et al. Recent development of visceral leishmaniasis treatments: successes, pitfalls, and perspectives. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31:e00048-18.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5133_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2019.02.002","volume":"11","author":"K Van Bocxlaer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Bocxlaer K, Caridha D, Black C, Vesely B, Leed S, Sciotti RJ, et al. Novel benzoxaborole, nitroimidazole and aminopyrazoles with activity against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2019;11:129\u201338.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"5133_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2658-4","volume":"17","author":"C Oliveira-Ribeiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira-Ribeiro C, Pimentel MIF, Oliveira RDVC, Fagundes A, Madeira MDF, Mello CX, et al. Clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with early spontaneous healing in cutaneous localized leishmaniasis: a historical cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:559.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0149697","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149697","volume":"11","author":"GF Cota","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cota GF, de Sousa MR, Fereguetti TO, Saleme PS, Alvarisa TK, Rabello A. The cure rate after placebo or no therapy in American cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0149697.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5133_CR29","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO | Control of the leishmaniases: WHO TRS N\u00b0949. World Health Organization; 2010. http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/resources\/who_trs_949\/en\/. Accessed 29 Nov 2021."},{"key":"5133_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-84256","volume":"96","author":"N Aronson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aronson N, Herwaldt BL, Libman M, Pearson R, Lopez-Velez R, Weina P, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96:24\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000259","volume":"2","author":"M Kassi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kassi M, Kassi M, Afghan AK, Rehman R, Kasi PM. Marring leishmaniasis: the stigmatization and the impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2:e259.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007996","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007996","volume":"14","author":"AC Erber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erber AC, Arana B, Salah AB, Bennis I, Boukthir A, Noriega MDMC, et al. Patients\u2019 preferences of cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment outcomes: findings from an international qualitative study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e0007996.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2009.01272.x","volume":"22","author":"CV David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David CV, Craft N. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Dermatol Ther. 2009;22:491\u2013502.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"5133_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199326","volume":"331","author":"A Ives","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ives A, Ronet C, Prevel F, Ruzzante G, Fuertes-Marraco S, Schutz F, et al. Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Science. 2011;331:775\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5133_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.6.17839","volume":"2","author":"C Ronet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ronet C, Beverley SM, Fasel N. Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Virulence. 2011;2:547\u201352.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"5133_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.11.012","volume":"57","author":"M Akhoundi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akhoundi M, Downing T, Votypka J, Kuhls K, Lukes J, Cannet A, et al. Leishmania infections: molecular targets and diagnosis. Mol Aspects Med. 2017;57:1\u201329.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"5133_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2859-8","volume":"11","author":"L Galluzzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galluzzi L, Ceccarelli M, Diotallevi A, Menotta M, Magnani M. Real-time PCR applications for diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:273.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.162487","volume":"5","author":"S Sundar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sundar S. Visceral leishmaniasis. Trop Parasitol. 2015;5:83\u20135.","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rijal S, Sundar S, Mondal D, Das P, Alvar J, Boelaert M. Eliminating visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia: the road ahead. BMJ. 2019;364:k5224.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5224"},{"key":"5133_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh OP, Sundar S. Developments in diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in the elimination era. J Parasitol Res. 2015;2015:239469.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/239469"},{"key":"5133_CR41","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The use of visceral leishmaniasis rapid diagnostic tests. 2008. http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/resources\/9789241597357\/en\/. Accessed 5 May 2020."},{"key":"5133_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.4310","volume":"8","author":"EK Elmahallawy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elmahallawy EK, Sampedro Martinez A, Rodriguez-Granger J, Hoyos-Mallecot Y, Agil A, Navarro Mari JM, et al. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8:961\u201372.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"5133_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001665","volume":"6","author":"GF Cota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cota GF, de Sousa MR, Demarqui FN, Rabello A. The diagnostic accuracy of serologic and molecular methods for detecting visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infected patients: meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1665.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007484","volume":"13","author":"ML Freire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freire ML, de Assis TM, Oliveira E, de Avelar DM, Siqueira IC, Barral A, et al. Performance of serological tests available in Brazil for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13:e0007484.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR45","first-page":"193","volume":"10","author":"JAL Lindoso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lindoso JAL, Moreira CHV, Cunha MA, Queiroz IT. Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection: current perspectives. HIV AIDS. 2018;10:193\u2013201.","journal-title":"HIV AIDS"},{"key":"5133_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-1723-2013","volume":"47","author":"MF Zanette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zanette MF, de Lima VMF, Laurenti MD, Rossi CN, Vides JP, Vieira RFDC, et al. Serological cross-reactivity of Trypanosoma cruzi, Ehrlichia canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Babesia canis to Leishmania infantum chagasi tests in dogs. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014;47:105\u20137.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"5133_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000083915","volume":"14","author":"J Kohanteb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kohanteb J, Ardehali S. Cross-reaction of sera from patients with various infectious diseases with Leishmania infantum. Med Princ Pract. 2005;14:79\u201382.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"5133_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2016.02.007","volume":"431","author":"AI Elshafie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elshafie AI, Mullazehi M, R\u00f6nnelid J. General false positive ELISA reactions in visceral leishmaniasis. Implications for the use of enzyme immunoassay analyses in tropical Africa. J Immunol Methods. 2016;431:66\u201371.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"5133_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007981","volume":"14","author":"LE Mesa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesa LE, Manrique R, Muskus C, Robledo SM. Test accuracy of polymerase chain reaction methods against conventional diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of CL: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e0007981.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001484","volume":"6","author":"Z Maia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maia Z, L\u00edrio M, Mistro S, Mendes CMC, Mehta SR, Badaro R. Comparative study of rK39 Leishmania antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1484.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185606","volume":"12","author":"F Hossain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hossain F, Ghosh P, Khan MAA, Duthie MS, Vallur AC, Picone A, et al. Real-time PCR in detection and quantitation of Leishmania donovani for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis patients and the monitoring of their response to treatment. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0185606.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5133_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3634-3","volume":"19","author":"HDFH Schallig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schallig HDFH, Hu RVP, Kent AD, van Loenen M, Menting S, Picado A, et al. Evaluation of point of care tests for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Suriname. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02029-06","volume":"45","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reithinger R, Dujardin J-C. Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis: current status and future applications. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:21\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-018-0343-y","volume":"22","author":"S Sundar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sundar S, Singh OP. Molecular diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Mol Diagn Ther. 2018;22:443\u201357.","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"5133_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00395","volume":"5","author":"Y Chander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chander Y, Koelbl J, Puckett J, Moser MJ, Klingele AJ, Liles MR, et al. A novel thermostable polymerase for RNA and DNA loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Front Microbiol. 2014;5:395.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","volume":"28","author":"T Notomi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28:E63.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5133_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-009-0669-9","volume":"15","author":"Y Mori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mori Y, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for infectious diseases. J Infect Chemother. 2009;15:62\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"5133_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0676","volume":"85","author":"J Sirichaisinthop","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sirichaisinthop J, Buates S, Watanabe R, Han E-T, Suktawonjaroenpon W, Krasaesub S, et al. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for malaria diagnosis in a field setting. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85:594\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit183","volume":"208","author":"SD Polley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Polley SD, Gonz\u00e1lez IJ, Mohamed D, Daly R, Bowers K, Watson J, et al. Clinical evaluation of a loop-mediated amplification kit for diagnosis of imported malaria. J Infect Dis. 2013;208:637\u201344.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu253","volume":"210","author":"MS Hsiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsiang MS, Greenhouse B, Rosenthal PJ. Point of care testing for malaria using LAMP, loop mediated isothermal amplification. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1167\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02352-06","volume":"45","author":"CC Boehme","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Henostroza G, Raqib R, Rahim Z, Gerhardt M, et al. Operational feasibility of using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in microscopy centers of developing countries. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:1936\u201340.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2014.08.009","volume":"1","author":"K Karthik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karthik K, Rathore R, Thomas P, Arun TR, Viswas KN, Dhama K, et al. New closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for prevention of product cross-contamination. MethodsX. 2014;1:137\u201343.","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"5133_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000147","volume":"2","author":"ZK Njiru","year":"2008","unstructured":"Njiru ZK, Mikosza ASJ, Armstrong T, Enyaru JC, Ndung\u2019u JM, Thompson ARC. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2:e147.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-115","volume":"4","author":"Z-Y Tao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tao Z-Y, Zhou H-Y, Xia H, Xu S, Zhu H-W, Culleton RL, et al. Adaptation of a visualized loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique for field detection of Plasmodium vivax infection. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:115.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5921","volume":"289","author":"Y Mori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mori Y, Nagamine K, Tomita N, Notomi T. Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;289:150\u20134.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"5133_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.57","volume":"3","author":"N Tomita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tomita N, Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of gene sequences and simple visual detection of products. Nat Protoc. 2008;3:877\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"5133_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gnh101","volume":"32","author":"H Zipper","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zipper H, Brunner H, Bernhagen J, Vitzthum F. Investigations on DNA intercalation and surface binding by SYBR Green I, its structure determination and methodological implications. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32:e103.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"5133_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2014.151.166","volume":"17","author":"K Dhama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhama K, Karthik K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Kapoor S, Kumar A, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP): a new diagnostic tool lights the world of diagnosis of animal and human pathogens: a review. Pak J Biol Sci. 2014;17:151\u201366.","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"key":"5133_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0369","volume":"82","author":"ER Adams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams ER, Schoone GJ, Ageed AF, El Safi S, Schallig HDFH. Development of a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the sensitive detection of Leishmania parasites in clinical samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82:591\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.05.004","volume":"102","author":"OMM Thekisoe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thekisoe OMM, Kuboki N, Nambota A, Fujisaki K, Sugimoto C, Igarashi I, et al. Species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for diagnosis of trypanosomosis. Acta Trop. 2007;102:182\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5133_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.057901","volume":"52","author":"LLM Poon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poon LLM, Wong BWY, Ma EHT, Chan KH, Chow LMC, Abeyewickreme W, et al. Sensitive and inexpensive molecular test for falciparum malaria: detecting Plasmodium falciparum DNA directly from heat-treated blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Clin Chem. 2006;52:303\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"5133_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01817-07","volume":"46","author":"N Chantratita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chantratita N, Meumann E, Thanwisai A, Limmathurotsakul D, Wuthiekanun V, Wannapasni S, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method targeting the TTS1 gene cluster for detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei and diagnosis of melioidosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:568\u201373.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47499-0","volume":"57","author":"BD Pandey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pandey BD, Poudel A, Yoda T, Tamaru A, Oda N, Fukushima Y, et al. Development of an in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and evaluation in sputum samples of Nepalese patients. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:439\u201343.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4359-4365.2003","volume":"41","author":"M Enosawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Enosawa M, Kageyama S, Sawai K, Watanabe K, Notomi T, Onoe S, et al. Use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification of the IS900 sequence for rapid detection of cultured Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:4359\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.04.042","volume":"47","author":"Z Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu Z, Li L, Chu J, Peters BM, Harris ML, Li B, et al. Development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays on rapid detection of various types of staphylococci strains. Food Res Int. 2012;47:166\u201373.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"5133_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1646-1650.2005","volume":"43","author":"HM Pham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pham HM, Nakajima C, Ohashi K, Onuma M. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:1646\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa102","volume":"66","author":"L Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu L, Wu S, Hao X, Dong X, Mao L, Pelechano V, et al. Rapid detection of COVID-19 coronavirus using a reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic platform. Clin Chem. 2020;66:975\u201386.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"5133_CR78","first-page":"439","volume":"3","author":"E Moslemi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moslemi E, Hassan Shahhosseiny M, Javadi G, Praivar K, Nejad Sattari T, Keyvani H. Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of HBV in Iran. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2009;3:439\u201345.","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"5133_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.05.046","volume":"24","author":"M Imai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H, Notomi T, Ishizaki T, Tashiro M, et al. Development of H5-RT-LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) system for rapid diagnosis of H5 avian influenza virus infection. Vaccine. 2006;24:6679\u201382.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"5133_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2008.12.001","volume":"23","author":"H Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen H, Zhang J, Ma L, Ma Y, Ding Y, Liu X, et al. Rapid pre-clinical detection of classical swine fever by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Mol Cell Probes. 2009;23:71\u20134.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"5133_CR81","unstructured":"Welch V. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.0 (updated July 2019). In: Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page M, editors. Cochrane; 2019. http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook. Accessed 12 Mar 2021."},{"key":"5133_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"6","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000100.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"5133_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group TP. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"5133_CR84","unstructured":"Rosenzweig R, Bagdonas M, Najdek T, Rentka M, Ven\u010dkauskas A, Takats S, et al. Zotero. Corporation for Digital Scholarship, Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University; 2019. http:\/\/www.zotero.org\/download."},{"key":"5133_CR85","unstructured":"Rosenzweig R, Bagdonas M, Najdek T, Rentka M, Ven\u010dkauskas A, Takats S, et al. Zotero. Corporation for Digital Scholarship, Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University; 2020. http:\/\/www.zotero.org\/download."},{"key":"5133_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:210.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"5133_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AWS, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:529\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5133_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.10.063","volume":"37","author":"MMT Vink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vink MMT, Nahzat SM, Rahimi H, Buhler C, Ahmadi BA, Nader M, et al. Evaluation of point-of-care tests for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis in Kabul, Afghanistan. EBioMedicine. 2018;37:453\u201360.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"5133_CR89","unstructured":"R Core Team. R. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2019. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. Accessed 12 Jan 2020."},{"key":"5133_CR90","unstructured":"Stevenson M. Tools for the analysis of epidemiological data. 2019. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=epiR. Accessed 3 Dec 2021."},{"key":"5133_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470906514","volume-title":"Statistical methods in diagnostic medicine","author":"X-H Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou X-H, Obuchowski NA, McClish DK. Statistical methods in diagnostic medicine. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2011.","edition":"2"},{"key":"5133_CR92","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan). Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2014. http:\/\/revman.cochrane.org. Accessed 6 Nov 2018."},{"key":"5133_CR93","unstructured":"Comprehensive Meta Analysis. Englewood: Biostat; 2014. https:\/\/www.meta-analysis.com\/. Accessed 3 Dec 2021."},{"key":"5133_CR94","unstructured":"Doebler P. Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2020. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/mada\/mada.pdf. Accessed 3 Dec 2021."},{"key":"5133_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.022","volume":"58","author":"JB Reitsma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reitsma JB, Glas AS, Rutjes AWS, Scholten RJPM, Bossuyt PM, Zwinderman AH. Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:982\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"5133_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1081\/SAC-200040691","volume":"33","author":"R Lawson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lawson R. Small sample confidence intervals for the odds ratio. Commun Stat Simul Comput. 2004;33:1095\u2013113.","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput"},{"key":"5133_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01285.x","volume":"20","author":"BJBS Haldane","year":"1956","unstructured":"Haldane BJBS. The estimation and significance of the logarithm of a ratio of frequencies. Ann Hum Genet. 1956;20:309\u201311.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"5133_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2318-8","volume":"17","author":"S Verma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verma S, Singh R, Sharma V, Bumb RA, Negi NS, Ramesh V, et al. Development of a rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for diagnosis and assessment of cure of Leishmania infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:223.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.01.011","volume":"75","author":"S Verma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verma S, Avishek K, Sharma V, Negi NS, Ramesh V, Salotra P. Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the sensitive and rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;75:390\u20135.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1202-x","volume":"8","author":"C Sriworarat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sriworarat C, Phumee A, Mungthin M, Leelayoova S, Siriyasatien P. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for simple detection of Leishmania infection. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:1202.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0808","volume":"98","author":"CM Leon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leon CM, Munoz M, Tabares JH, Hernandez C, Florez C, Ayala MS, et al. Analytical performance of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for leishmania DNA detection in sandflies and direct smears of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018;98:1325\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8240784","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8240784","volume":"2019","author":"DM de Avelar","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Avelar DM, Carvalho DM, Rabello A. Development and clinical evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:8240784.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"5133_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006922","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006922","volume":"12","author":"KK Dixit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dixit KK, Verma S, Singh OP, Singh D, Singh AP, Gupta R, et al. Validation of SYBR green I based closed tube loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and simplified direct-blood-lysis (DBL)-LAMP assay for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006922.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2836-2","volume":"11","author":"AV Ibarra-Meneses","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibarra-Meneses AV, Cruz I, Chicharro C, Sanchez C, Bieler S, Broger T, et al. Evaluation of fluorimetry and direct visualization to interpret results of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification kit to detect Leishmania DNA. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:250.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.06.009","volume":"162","author":"I Abbasi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abbasi I, Kirstein OD, Hailu A, Warburg A. Optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for the detection of Leishmania DNA in human blood samples. Acta Trop. 2016;162:20\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5133_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0097","volume":"101","author":"M Chaouch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaouch M, Aoun K, Ben Othman S, Ben Abid M, Ben Sghaier I, Bouratbine A, et al. Development and assessment of Leishmania major- and Leishmania tropica-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;101:101\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR107","first-page":"50","volume":"9","author":"M Ghasemian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghasemian M, Gharavi MJ, Akhlaghi L, Mohebali M, Meamar AR, Aryan E, et al. Development and assessment of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2014;9:50\u20139.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0145","volume":"81","author":"H Takagi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takagi H, Itoh M, Islam MZ, Razzaque A, Ekram ARMS, Hashighuchi Y, et al. Sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of Leishmania donovani DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81:578\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"5133_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0006264","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006264","volume":"12","author":"M Mukhtar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mukhtar M, Ali SS, Boshara SA, Albertini A, Monnerat S, Bessell P, et al. Sensitive and less invasive confirmatory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:e0006264.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00386-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00386-18","volume":"56","author":"ER Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams ER, Schoone G, Versteeg I, Gomez MA, Diro E, Mori Y, et al. Development and evaluation of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56:e00386-18.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-280","volume":"5","author":"MGM Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan MGM, Bhaskar KRH, Salam MA, Akther T, Pluschke G, Mondal D. Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of Leishmania DNA in buffy coat from visceral leishmaniasis patients. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:280.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v61i2.8286","volume":"61","author":"HS Kothalawala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kothalawala HS, Karunaweera ND. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay as a sensitive diagnostic tool for Leishmania donovani infections in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Med J. 2016;61:68\u201370.","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"5133_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0277-6_9","volume-title":"Kala azar in South Asia: current status and challenges ahead","author":"M Itoh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Itoh M, Takagi H. Mass-survey using urine and confirmation by LAMP for control of visceral leishmaniasis. In: Jha TK, Noiri E, editors. Kala azar in South Asia: current status and challenges ahead. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 91\u20138."},{"key":"5133_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94171","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.94171","volume":"12","author":"J Saki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saki J, Amraee D, Ghasemian M. Comparison of nested-PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification for cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2019;12:e94171.","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol."},{"key":"5133_CR115","first-page":"495","volume":"36","author":"T Thita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thita T, Manomat J, Leelayoova S, Mungthin M, Ruang-Areerate T. Reliable interpretation and long-term stability using sybrtm safe fluorescent assay for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (Lamp) detection of Leishmania spp. Trop Biomed. 2019;36:495\u2013504.","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"5133_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imai K, Tarumoto N, Amo K, Takahashi M, Sakamoto N, Kosaka A, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by the direct boil loop-mediated isothermal amplification method and MinIONTM nanopore sequencing. Parasitol Int. 2018;67:34\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.03.001"},{"key":"5133_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.05.006","volume":"203","author":"JLDL Celeste","year":"2019","unstructured":"Celeste JLDL, Caldeira RL, Pires SDF, Silveira KD, Soares RP, de Andrade HM. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Leishmania amazonensis in skin samples. Exp Parasitol. 2019;203:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0991-2","volume":"8","author":"C-H Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao C-H, Ding D, Wang J-Y, Steverding D, Wang X, Yang Y-T, et al. Development of a LAMP assay for detection of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs using conjunctival swab samples. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:370.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"5133_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.038","volume":"198","author":"M Chaouch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaouch M, Mhadhbi M, Adams ER, Schoone GJ, Limam S, Gharbi Z, et al. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Leishmania infantum in canine leishmaniasis based on cysteine protease B genes. Vet Parasitol. 2013;198:78\u201384.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-7-27","volume":"7","author":"MS Alam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alam MS, Ghosh D, Khan MGM, Islam MF, Mondal D, Itoh M, et al. Survey of domestic cattle for anti-Leishmania antibodies and Leishmania DNA in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area of Bangladesh. BMC Vet Res. 2011;7:27.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"5133_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7020043","volume":"7","author":"MP Maurelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maurelli MP, Bosco A, Foglia Manzillo V, Vitale F, Giaquinto D, Ciuca L, et al. Clinical, molecular and serological diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis: an integrated approach. Vet Sci. 2020;7:43.","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"5133_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864","volume":"126","author":"P Schober","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg. 2018;126:1763\u20138.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"5133_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","volume":"5","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5:873\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"5133_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22708-9","volume":"8","author":"RE Wiegand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiegand RE, Cooley G, Goodhew B, Banniettis N, Kohlhoff S, Gwyn S, et al. Latent class modeling to compare testing platforms for detection of antibodies against the Chlamydia trachomatis antigen Pgp3. Sci Rep. 2018;8:4232.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5133_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5398","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5959","volume":"32","author":"J Menten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menten J, Boelaert M, Lesaffre E. Bayesian meta-analysis of diagnostic tests allowing for imperfect reference standards. Stat Med. 2013;32:5398\u2013413.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"5133_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1230","volume":"8","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Higgins JPT, Hedges LV, Rothstein HR. Basics of meta-analysis: I2 is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Res Synth Methods. 2017;8:5\u201318.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"5133_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.013","volume":"153","author":"CO Nzelu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nzelu CO, C\u00e1ceres AG, Guerrero-Quincho S, Tineo-Villafuerte E, Rodriquez-Delfin L, Mimori T, et al. A rapid molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by colorimetric malachite green-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with an FTA card as a direct sampling tool. Acta Trop. 2016;153:116\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5133_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.12.016","volume":"132","author":"CO Nzelu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nzelu CO, Gomez EA, Caceres AG, Sakurai T, Martini-Robles L, Uezato H, et al. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid mass-screening of sand flies for Leishmania infection. Acta Trop. 2014;132:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5133_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002677","volume":"142","author":"M Karani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karani M, Sotiriadou I, Plutzer J, Karanis P. Bench-scale experiments for the development of a unified loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the in vitro diagnosis of Leishmania species\u2019 promastigotes. Epidemiol Infect. 2014;142:1671\u20137.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"5133_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S2801","volume":"4","author":"AE Paniz-Mondolfi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paniz-Mondolfi AE, P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lvarez AM, Reyes-Jaimes O, Socorro G, Zerpa O, Slova D, et al. Concurrent chagas\u2019 disease and borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis: the role of amiodarone as an antitrypanosomatidae drug. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4:659\u201363.","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"5133_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007698","volume":"13","author":"CO Nzelu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nzelu CO, Kato H, Peters NC. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): an advanced molecular point-of-care technique for the detection of Leishmania infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13:e0007698.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019738","volume":"6","author":"P LaBarre","year":"2011","unstructured":"LaBarre P, Hawkins KR, Gerlach J, Wilmoth J, Beddoe A, Singleton J, et al. A simple, inexpensive device for nucleic acid amplification without electricity\u2014toward instrument-free molecular diagnostics in low-resource settings. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e19738.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5133_CR133","unstructured":"Ahortor EK, Amissah NA, Erber AC, Manful T, Ablordey A. A simple and rapid DNA extraction method for IS2404 loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in clinical samples (submitted and under review)."},{"key":"5133_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-018-0449-8","volume":"17","author":"C Aerts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aerts C, Vink M, Pashtoon SJ, Nahzat S, Picado A, Cruz I, et al. Cost effectiveness of new diagnostic tools for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Afghanistan. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2019;17:213\u201330.","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"5133_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.01.004","volume":"25","author":"R Bergquist","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bergquist R, Johansen MV, Utzinger J. Diagnostic dilemmas in helminthology: what tools to use and when? Trends Parasitol. 2009;25:151\u20136.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007216","volume":"13","author":"J Chakravarty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakravarty J, Hasker E, Kansal S, Singh OP, Malaviya P, Singh AK, et al. Determinants for progression from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis: a cohort study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13:e0007216.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0198199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198199","volume":"13","author":"ADO Fran\u00e7a","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a ADO, Pompilio MA, Pontes ERJC, de Oliveira MP, Pereira LOR, Lima RB, et al. Leishmania infection in blood donors: a new challenge in leishmaniasis transmission? PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0198199.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5133_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70250-0","volume":"14","author":"PK Drain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Drain PK, Hyle EP, Noubary F, Freedberg KA, Wilson D, Bishai W, et al. Evaluating diagnostic point-of-care tests in resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:239\u201349.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.187468","volume":"95","author":"CS Kosack","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kosack CS, Page A-L, Klatser PR. A guide to aid the selection of diagnostic tests. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95:639\u201345.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"5133_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.024265","volume":"82","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peeling RW, Holmes KK, Mabey D, Ronald A. Rapid tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the way forward. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82:v1-6.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"5133_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03279.x","volume":"16","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peeling RW, Mabey D. Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16:1062\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"5133_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.05.003","volume":"29","author":"D Otranto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. The prevention of canine leishmaniasis and its impact on public health. Trends Parasitol. 2013;29:339\u201345.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"5133_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2512.190164","volume":"25","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Mir\u00f3 G, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Breitschwerdt E, Capelli G, et al. Canine leishmaniasis control in the context of One Health. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236127","volume":"15","author":"ADP Sev\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sev\u00e1 ADP, Ferreira F, Amaku M. How much does it cost to prevent and control visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil? Comparing different measures in dogs. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0236127.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5133_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.11606\/S1518-8787.2018052000381","volume":"52","author":"DNCC Costa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Costa DNCC, Bermudi PMM, Rodas LAC, Nunes CM, Hiramoto RM, Tolezano JE, et al. Human visceral leishmaniasis and relationship with vector and canine control measures. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;52:92.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"5133_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007553","volume":"13","author":"LC de Sousa-Paula","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Sousa-Paula LC, da Silva LG, Sales KGDS, Dantas-Torres F. Failure of the dog culling strategy in controlling human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: a screening coverage issue? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13:e0007553.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5133_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.02.007","volume":"234","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Sales KGS, da Silva LG, Otranto D, Figueredo LA. Level of agreement between two commercially available rapid serological tests and the official screening test used to detect Leishmania seropositive dogs in Brazil. Vet J. 2018;234:102\u20134.","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"5133_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2019.e00103","volume":"5","author":"I Cruz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz I, Albertini A, Barbeitas M, Arana B, Picado A, Ruiz-Postigo JA, et al. Target product profile for a point-of-care diagnostic test for dermal leishmaniases. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2019;5:e00103.","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control."},{"key":"5133_CR149","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges L, Rothstein H. Meta-analysis fixed effect vs. random effects. Comprehensive meta-analysis; 2007. https:\/\/www.meta-analysis.com\/downloads\/Meta-analysis%20fixed%20effect%20vs%20random%20effects.pdf. Accessed 20 Jan 2022."}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05133-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05133-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05133-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T10:08:30Z","timestamp":1666606110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05133-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-05133-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}