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However, the role of lncRNAs in regulating the immune and inflammatory responses during infection with the protozoan parasite <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> remains largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a longitudinal RNA sequencing analysis of human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells infected by <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and dysregulated pathways over the course of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> lytic cycle. The transcriptome data were validated by qRT-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>RNA sequencing revealed significant transcriptional changes in the infected HFFs. A total of 697, 1234, 1499, 873, 1466, 561, 676 and 716 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 636, 1266, 1843, 2303, 3022, 1757, 3088 and 2531 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified at 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 and 48\u00a0h post-infection, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs revealed that <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection altered the expression of genes involved in the regulation of host immune response (e.g., cytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interaction), receptor signaling (e.g., NOD-like receptor signaling pathway), disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), and metabolism (e.g., fatty acid degradation).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These results provide novel information for further research on the role of lncRNAs in immune regulation of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05140-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1641819838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Temporal transcriptomic changes in long non-coding RNAs and messenger RNAs involved in the host immune and metabolic response during Toxoplasma gondii lytic cycle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sha-Sha","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Xue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany M.","family":"Elsheikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Cai","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Bin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Quan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5140_CR1","first-page":"e00115","volume":"34","author":"HM Elsheikha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elsheikha HM, Marra CM, Zhu XQ. 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The co-corresponding author Prof Xing-Quan Zhu serves as the Subject Editor for the section \u201cParasite genetics, genomics and proteomics\u201d of <i>Parasites & Vectors<\/i>.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}