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Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an invasive vector typically found in South Asia and the Middle East, was recently found to be distributed across eastern and central Ethiopia and is capable of transmitting both\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The detection of this vector in the Horn of Africa (HOA) coupled with widespread insecticide resistance requires that new methods of vector control be investigated in order to control the spread of malaria.\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a naturally occurring endosymbiotic bacterium of mosquitoes, has been identified as a potential vector control tool that can be explored for the control of malaria transmission.\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      could be used to control the mosquito population through suppression or potentially decrease malaria transmission through population replacement. However, the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in wild\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in eastern Ethiopia is unknown. This study aimed to identify the presence and diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      across eastern Ethiopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DNA was extracted from\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      collected from eastern Ethiopia in 2018 and screened for\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      using a\n                      <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic>\n                      targeted PCR assay, as well as multilocus strain typing (MLST) PCR assays\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Haplotype and phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced\n                      <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic>\n                      amplicons were conducted to compare with\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      from countries across Africa and Asia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty out of the 184 mosquitoes screened were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia,<\/jats:italic>\n                      with multiple haplotypes detected. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed two superclades, representing\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      supergroups A and B (bootstrap values of 81 and 72, respectively) with no significant grouping of geographic location or species. A subclade with a bootstrap value of 89 separates the Ethiopian haplotype 2 from other sequences in that superclade.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings provide the first evidence of natural\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations in wild\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the HOA. They also identify the need for further research to confirm the endosymbiotic relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and to investigate its utility for malaria control in the HOA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05293-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1653372159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Wolbachia 16S rRNA haplotypes detected in wild Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Waymire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Duddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Yared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejene","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dereje","family":"Dengela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Bordenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshesha","family":"Balkew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zohdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth R.","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar E.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5293_CR1","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"20 years of global progress and challenges","author":"World Malaria Report","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Malaria Report. 20 years of global progress and challenges. 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