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The inhibitory molecule B7-H4 expressed on decidual macrophages (dM\u03c6) plays an important role in maternal\u2013fetal tolerance. However, the effect of B7-H4 on the function of dM\u03c6 during <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Changes in B7-H4 expression on dM\u03c6 after <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection were explored both in vivo and in vitro. B7-H4<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> pregnant mice (pregnant mice with B7-H4 gene knockout) and purified primary human dM\u03c6 treated with B7-H4 neutralizing\u00a0antibody were used to explore the role of B7-H4 signaling on regulating the membrane molecules, synthesis of arginine metabolic enzymes and cytokine production by dM\u03c6 with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. Also, adoptive transfer of dM\u03c6 from wild-type (WT) pregnant mice or B7-H4<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> pregnant mice to infected B7-H4<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> pregnant mice was used to examine the effect of B7-H4 on adverse pregnancy outcomes induced by <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results illustrated that B7-H4<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> pregnant mice infected by <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> had poorer pregnancy outcomes than their wild-type counterparts. The expression of B7-H4 on dM\u03c6 significantly decreased after <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection, which resulted in the polarization of dM\u03c6 from the M2 toward the M1 phenotype by changing the expression of membrane molecules (CD80, CD86, CD163, CD206), synthesis of arginine metabolic enzymes (Arg-1, iNOS) and production of cytokines (IL-10, TNF-\u03b1) production. Also, we found that the B7-H4 downregulation after <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection increased iNOS and TNF-\u03b1 expression mediated through the JAK2\/STAT1 signaling pathway. In addition, adoptive transfer of dM\u03c6 from a WT pregnant mouse donor rather than from a B7-H4<jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup> pregnant mouse donor was able to improve adverse pregnancy outcomes induced by <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results demonstrated that the downregulation of B7-H4 induced by <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection led to the dysfunction of decidual macrophages and contributed to abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, adoptive transfer of B7-H4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> dM\u03c6 could improve adverse pregnancy outcomes induced by <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05560-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T11:03:57Z","timestamp":1670929437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of B7-H4 downregulation induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection on dysfunction of decidual macrophages contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhidan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianbing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yushan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","volume":"363","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O. 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R. China). All subjects provided a written informed consent for the collection of samples and the subsequent analysis. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Binzhou Medical University. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Binzhou Medical University. All procedures were performed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, and all efforts were exerted to minimize the suffering of animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"464"}}