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High-resolution, age- and gender-specific risk maps of the temporal and spatial distributions are essential for the targeted control work.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Disease data on the prevalence of <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sinensis<\/jats:italic> infection from 1990 onwards, either age- and gender-specific or aggregated across age and gender, were collected through systematic review and four large-scale surveys in Guangdong Province. Environmental and socioeconomic variables were obtained from open-access databases and employed as potential predictors. A Bayesian geostatistical model was developed to estimate the <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sinensis<\/jats:italic> infection risk at high spatial resolution.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The final dataset included 606 surveys at 463 unique locations for <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>sinensis<\/jats:italic> infection. Our findings suggested that following an initial increase and stabilization, the overall population-adjusted prevalence had declined to 2.2% (95% Bayesian credible interval: 1.7\u20133.0%) in the period of 2015 onwards. From 2015 onwards, moderate and high infection risks were found in the northern regions (e.g. Heyuan and Shaoguan cities) and the southern Pearl River Delta (e.g. Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai and Jiangmen cities), respectively. Age- and gender-specific risk maps revealed that males had a higher infection risk than females, and the infection risk was higher in adults compared to children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our high-resolution risk maps of <jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<jats:italic>sinensis<\/jats:italic> infection in Guangdong Province identified the spatial, temporal, age and gender heterogeneities, which can provide useful information assisting tailored control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06166-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1708110163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High-resolution mapping of age- and gender-specific risk of Clonorchis sinensis infection risk in Guangdong, China: a geostatistical modeling study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Si-Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Diao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Sheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Si","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6166_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0166-1","volume":"5","author":"ZL Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang ZL, Huang Y, Yu XB. 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Infect Dis Poverty. 2014;3:33.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06166-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06166-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06166-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T23:20:47Z","timestamp":1708384847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06166-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06166-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1756-3305"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work is based on clonorchiasis prevalence data collected from four large-scale surveys in Guangdong and the peer-reviewed literature. The four large-scale surveys were the three national surveys and one provincial survey on the distribution of human parasites, approved by the ethics committees in both the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Each participant provided a written consent form, with their own signature or the signature of the proxy. Data from these surveys were aggregated at each gender and age group in survey locations. Regarding the data from the peer-reviewed literature, ethical approval statements were included in the original sources, and data from the literature were aggregated in each survey location. All data in our study did not contain any information at the individual or household level. Hence, there are no specific ethical issues that warranted attention.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}