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It is transmitted primarily by small hematophagous Diptera belonging to the genus <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic> (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The current study represents the first molecular investigation into the potential role of <jats:italic>Culicoides imicola<\/jats:italic>,\u00a0<jats:italic>Culicoides paolae<\/jats:italic>,\u00a0<jats:italic>Culicoides newsteadi<\/jats:italic>,\u00a0<jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic> spp., and <jats:italic>Culicoides circumscriptus<\/jats:italic> as bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors in Morocco. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the vectorial activity of midges during the survey seasons.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Parous females of these species were captured from several regions of Morocco (6 out of 12) from 2018 to 2021 using Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) traps. A total of 2003 parous female specimens were grouped into 55 batches. The midge body of each batch was dissected into three regions (head, thorax, and abdomen), and these regions were analyzed separately using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BTV RNA was detected in 45 out of the 55 batches tested, indicating a positivity rate of 81.8%. The RT-qPCR-positive pools of the studied <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic> species exhibited high levels of BTV positivity in each body part (head, thorax, and abdomen), confirming the successful replication of the virus within midge bodies. The BTV circulation was substantial across all three survey seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). High infection rates, calculated using the minimum infection rate (MIR) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), were observed during the collection seasons, particularly in autumn and spring, and for all investigated <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic> species, most notably for <jats:italic>C. imicola<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. newsteadi<\/jats:italic>. These increased infection rates underscore the significant risk of\u00a0<jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\u00a0transmitting the BTV in Morocco.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The detection of BTV positivity in <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic> spp. (lacking wing spots that allow their differentiation according to morphological identification keys) suggested that other <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic> species are competent for BTV transmission in Morocco. The study results indicated, for the first time at the molecular level, that\u00a0<jats:italic>C. imicola<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. newsteadi\u00a0<\/jats:italic>are the primary potential vectors of BTV in Morocco and that\u00a0<jats:italic>C. paolae<\/jats:italic> and\u00a0<jats:italic>C. circumscriptus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0are strongly implicated in the propagation of bluetongue at the national level.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06167-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T13:03:13Z","timestamp":1708347793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["First molecular evidence of potential Culicoides vectors implicated in bluetongue virus transmission in Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Soukaina","family":"Daif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikhlass","family":"El Berbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouafaa","family":"Fassi Fihri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6167_CR1","first-page":"17","volume":"10","author":"JM Rojas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rojas JM, Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00edn D, Mart\u00edn V, Sevilla N. 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