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This study aimed to clarify the information gaps concerning local\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito populations. Our objectives were to assess their abundance, geographical dispersion, and blood-feeding patterns. We also investigated their insecticide resistance. Molecular methods were used to identify sibling species, determine the origin of blood meals, measure\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection rates, and detect the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors using CDC light traps from nine randomly selected households at two sentinel sites with distinct ecological characteristics. The samples were collected from 1 February to 30 June 2022.\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes were morphologically identified and subjected to molecular identification. Unfed\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      females were tested for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in head and thorax, and engorged females were screened for the source of the blood meals. Additionally, members of\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex were genotyped for the presence of the L1014F and L1014S kdr mutations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 2226 adult mosquitoes were collected, including 733\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      females. Molecular identification revealed the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      senso stricto (s.s.),\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.s. Notably, there was the first record of\n                      <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.s. hybrid and\n                      <jats:italic>An. vaneedeni<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Benguela Province.\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection rates for\n                      <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the urban sentinel site and\n                      <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.s. at the rural site were 23.1% and 5.7%, respectively. The L1014F kdr mutation was discovered in both resistant and susceptible\n                      <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes, while the L1014S mutation was detected in\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.s. for the first time in Benguela Province. No kdr mutations were found in\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides valuable insights into the molecular characteristics of malaria vectors from the province of Benguela, emphasising the need for continuous surveillance of local\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations regarding the establishment of both kdr mutations for tailoring vector control interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06214-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T09:02:09Z","timestamp":1709715729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular and entomological surveillance of malaria vectors in urban and rural communities of Benguela Province, Angola"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlete Dina","family":"Troco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cani","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzala","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Franco","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"6214_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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