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Infections may lead to respiratory clinical signs with varying severity or even death, emphasizing the need for preventive treatment of cats with outdoor access to circumvent patent infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Therefore, the preventive efficacy of a spot-on formulation of 280\u00a0mg\/ml fluralaner and 14\u00a0mg\/ml moxidectin (Bravecto<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Plus spot-on solution for cats, MSD) against <jats:italic>A. abstrusus<\/jats:italic> was evaluated in a negative controlled, randomized and partially blinded efficacy study with 28\u00a0purpose-bred cats in a non-terminal design. In three different treatment regimes, the minimum recommended dose of 40\u00a0mg fluralaner and 2.0\u00a0mg moxidectin\/kg bodyweight (BW) was administered once at 12, 8 or 4\u00a0weeks (study group G1, G2 and G3, respectively) prior to experimental infection with 300\u00a0third-stage <jats:italic>A. abstrusus<\/jats:italic> larvae, while G4 served as placebo-treated control.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From 30 to 46\u00a0days post infection (dpi; SD 114 to 130), faeces were sampled to monitor first-stage larvae (L1) excretion for efficacy determination. Secondary efficacy criteria, including respiratory parameters, serological antibody levels and computed tomography (CT) findings, were assessed once before enrolment (SD \u22127 to \u22121) and before infection (SD 75 to 83). After infection, CT evaluation was performed once at 47\u201350\u00a0dpi (SD 131 to 134), and respiratory parameters and antibody levels were regularly assessed twice or once a week, respectively (1 up to 78 dpi, SD 85 up to 162). All animals in the control group excreted L1 by 33\u201337 dpi and remained positive throughout the study period from 41 to 46 dpi (SD 125 to 130). In the treatment groups, only one animal each of G1 and G2 excreted L1 at two consecutive days, and four cats of G1, two of G2 and three of G3 were positive on single occasions. While the geometric mean (GM) of the maximum number of excreted L1 per 5\u00a0g of faeces was 7380.89 in the control group (G4), GMs were significantly lower in the treatment groups with 1.63 in G1, 1.37 in G2 and 0.79 in G3. Thus, based on GMs, the reduction in excreted L1 exceeded 99.9% in all three treatment groups. Based on CT severity scores, all lungs of the animals of the control group showed severe pulmonary changes post infection, whereas lungs of the cats of the treatment groups were either unaltered (4 animals), mildly (11 animals), or moderately altered (5 animals). Moreover, seroconversion was observed in all cats of the control group, but not in those of the treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The combination of diagnostic methods used in this non-terminal study yielded coherent and reliable results. A single administration of Bravecto<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Plus spot-on solution for cats was well tolerated and effective in the prevention of aelurostrongylosis for at least 12\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06270-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T18:02:06Z","timestamp":1713981726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of Bravecto\u00ae Plus spot-on solution for cats (280\u00a0mg\/ml fluralaner and 14\u00a0mg\/ml moxidectin) in the prevention of feline Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection evaluated in a multi-diagnostic approach"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marie-Kristin","family":"Raulf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Raue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Rohdich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Zschiesche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Raue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Merhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger A.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Schnyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Traversa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer K. 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The study has been permitted by the ethics commission of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the German Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Niedersaechisches Landesamt fuer Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit) approved under reference number 33.19-42502-04-20\/3523. The Italian Ethical committee CEISA (Committee on Animal Research and Ethics of the Universities of Chieti-Pescara, Teramo L\u2019Aquila and of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo-Molise) and the Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute, Direzione Generale Sanit\u00e0 Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari) approved the activities on experimental infected snails and the larvae collection from naturally infected cats under reference numbers UNCHD12 n. 311B-11\/07\/2018 and DGSAF 0018252-P-24\/07\/201, respectively.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"NR, EZ and RKAR are employees of MSD Animal Health. CS declares that she repeatedly has lectured for and acted as consultant for (veterinary) pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies and has previous and ongoing research collaborations with (veterinary) pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies. MKR, KR, DT and SM declare that there is no conflict with commercial interests. DT and SM declare that the snail infection and breeding has not coincided with other similar laboratory procedures for the cat lungworm <i>Aelurostrongylus abstrusus<\/i>.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}],"article-number":"193"}}