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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> species in lymnaeid snails and to investigate the association of geoclimatic factors and <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> species distribution in northwestern provinces of Iran using geographical information system (GIS) data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 2000 lymnaeid snails were collected from 33 permanent and seasonal habitats in northwestern Iran during the period from June to November 2021. After identification by standard morphological keys, they were subjected to shedding and crushing methods. Different stages of <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> obtained from these snails were subjected to the <jats:italic>ITS1<\/jats:italic> polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR\u2013RFLP) method for species identification. The associations of weather temperature, rainfall, humidity, evaporation, air pressure, wind speed, elevation, and land cover with the distribution of <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> species were investigated. Geographical and statistical analysis was performed using ArcMap and SPSS software, respectively, to determine factors related to <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> species distribution.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 2000 snails collected, 19 were infected with <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> (0.09%), six with <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> (0.03%), and 13 with other trematodes. Among geoclimatic and environmental factors, mean humidity, maximum humidity, and wind speed were significantly higher in areas where <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> was more common than <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>. The altitude of <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>-prevalent areas was generally lower than <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> areas. No significant relationship was observed between other investigated geoclimatic factors and the distribution of infected snails.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study showed the relationship of humidity and wind speed with the distribution of snails infected with <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> in the northwestern regions of Iran. In contrast to <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> was more prevalent in low-altitude areas. Further research is recommended to elucidate the relationship between geoclimatic factors and the presence of intermediate hosts of the two <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06298-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:02:45Z","timestamp":1717200165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bioclimatic analysis and spatial distribution of fascioliasis causative agents by assessment of Lymnaeidae snails in northwestern provinces of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Galavani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Haniloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saber","family":"Raeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Ghatee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"6298_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(09)69002-3","volume":"69","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"244"}}