{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:05:26Z","timestamp":1773864326063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The health and productivity of dairy goats continue to be impacted by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and lungworms (LW). Eprinomectin (EPN) is frequently selected for treatment because it is generally effective and does not require a milk withdrawal period. However, some factors, such as lactation, can have an impact on EPN pharmacokinetics and potentially its efficacy. To evaluate whether this can alter the efficacy of Eprecis<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 2%, an eprinomectin injectable solution, a study was performed in lactating goats using the dose currently registered in cattle, sheep and goats (0.2\u00a0mg\/kg).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was a blinded, randomized, controlled trial performed according to the VICH guidelines. Eighteen (18) worm-free lactating goats were included and experimentally challenged on day 28 with a mixed culture of infective gastrointestinal and lung nematode larvae (<jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Dictyocaulus filaria<\/jats:italic>). At D-1, fecal samples were collected to confirm patent infection in all animals. On D0, the goats were randomly allocated into two groups of nine goats; group 1 was treated with Eprecis<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 2% at 0.2\u00a0mg\/kg BW by subcutaneous injection, while group 2 remained untreated. Fecal samples for egg counts were collected from all animals on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14. On D14, all goats were killed, and the abomasum, small intestine and lungs were removed, processed and subsampled to record the number and species of worms.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The treatment was well tolerated. After treatment, the arithmetic mean FEC decreased in the treated group and remained &lt; 5 EPG until the end of the study, while the arithmetic mean FEC in the control group remained &gt; 849.0 EPG. At D14, goats in the treated group had very limited or zero total worm counts, whereas all animals from the control group had a high worm burden. The measured efficacy was 100.0% against <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. colubriformis,<\/jats:italic> 99.9% against <jats:italic>T. circumcincta<\/jats:italic> and 98.0% against <jats:italic>D. filaria<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eprinomectin (Eprecis<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, 20\u00a0mg\/ml), administered at the label dose (0.2\u00a0mg\/kg), is highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in lactating goats.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06301-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T09:01:37Z","timestamp":1715331697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A single subcutaneous dose of eprinomectin (Eprecis\u00ae) is effective against common gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in experimentally infected lactating goats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Reddick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rike","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Campbell-Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Achard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Isaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Trotel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamadi","family":"Karembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6301_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020062","author":"HR Vineer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vineer HR, Morgan ER, Hertzberg H, Bartley DJ, Bosco A, Charlier J, et al. Increasing importance of anthelmintic resistance in European livestock: creation and meta-analysis of an open database. Parasite. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2020062.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"6301_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.040","author":"SA Beynon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beynon SA. Potential environmental consequences of administration of anthelmintics to sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.040.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6301_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002038","author":"JP Lumaret","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lumaret JP, Errouissi F. Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the nontarget fauna of pastures. Vet Res. 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/vetres:2002038.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"6301_CR4","unstructured":"Veterinary Medicines Directorate, UK. Summary of product characteristics, revised in September 2022. https:\/\/www.vmd.defra.gov.uk\/productinformationdatabase\/files\/SPC_Documents\/SPC_793085.pdf. Accessed 02 Nov 2023."},{"key":"6301_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.108992","author":"A Rostang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rostang A, Devos J, Chartier C. Review of the Eprinomectin effective doses required for dairy goats: where do we go from here? Vet Parasitol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.108992.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6301_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00008581","author":"J Dupuy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dupuy J, Chartier C, Sutra JF, Alvinerie M. Eprinomectin in dairy goats: dose influence on plasma levels and excretion in milk. Parasitol Res. 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00008581.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"6301_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.02.052","author":"S Murri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murri S, Knubben-Schweizer G, Torgerson P, Hertzberg H. Frequency of eprinomectin resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in canton Berne. Switzerland Vet Parasitol. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.02.052.","journal-title":"Switzerland Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6301_CR8","unstructured":"Couasnon F. M\u00e9thode de d\u00e9tection des suspicions d\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9prinomectine administr\u00e9e par voie topique chez les caprins laitiers. Th\u00e8se d\u2019exercice v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Ecole v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Nantes Oniris. 2019. https:\/\/books.google.fr\/books?id=2yNMzQEACAAJ."},{"key":"6301_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0727-z","author":"A Lespine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lespine A, Sutra JF, Dupuy J, Alvinerie M. Eprinomectin in goat: assessment of subcutaneous administration. Parasitol Res. 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-002-0727-z.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"6301_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.12.014","author":"SA Termatzidou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Termatzidou SA, Arsenopoulos K, Siachos N, Kazana P, Papadopoulos E, Achard D, et al. Anthelmintic activity of injectable eprinomectin (Eprecis\u00ae\u00a020 mg\/ml) in naturally infected dairy sheep. 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Vet Res Commun. 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1006373609314.","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"6301_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.4.99","author":"C Chartier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chartier C, Etter E, Pors I, Alvinerie M. Activity of eprinomectin in goats against experimental infections with Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. 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PFA7E7AD6) following the Animal Scientific Procedures Act 1986.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AB, AT, DA, HK and NI are employees of Ceva Sant\u00e9 Animale. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"211"}}