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To date, no investigations have focused on <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> vectors in Southeast China. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> in fleas in Southeast China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From 2016 to 2022, flea samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091119) were collected from 863 rodent individuals in seven inland and coastal cities in Southeast China. Flea species, region, gender, host species and habitat were recorded. The DNA samples from each individual flea were screened by real-time PCR for the <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic><jats:italic> ssrA<\/jats:italic> gene. All positive samples were confirmed by PCR based on the presence of the <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic> gene and sequenced. The factors associated with <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infection were analyzed by the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. ANOVA and the t-test were used to compare <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> DNA load.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> DNA was detected in 26.2% (293\/1119) of the flea samples, including in 27.1% (284\/1047) of <jats:italic>Xenopsylla cheopis<\/jats:italic> samples, 13.2% (5\/38) of <jats:italic>Monopsyllus anisus<\/jats:italic> samples, 8.3% (2\/24) of <jats:italic>Leptopsylla segnis<\/jats:italic> samples and 20.0% (2\/10) of other fleas (<jats:italic>Nosopsyllus nicanus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Stivalius klossi bispiniformis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Neopsylla dispar fukienensis<\/jats:italic>). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> among flea species, sex, hosts, regions and habitats. Five species of<jats:italic> Bartonella<\/jats:italic> fleas were identified based on sequencing and phylogenetic analyses targeting the <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic> gene: <jats:italic>B. tribocorum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. queenslandensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. elizabethae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. coopersplainsensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a high prevalence and diversity of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infection in the seven species of fleas collected in Southeast China. The detection of zoonotic <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species in this study, including <jats:italic>B. tribocorum, B. elizabethae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. rochalimae,<\/jats:italic> raises public health concerns.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06305-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T12:02:00Z","timestamp":1718712120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiological survey and genetic diversity of Bartonella in fleas collected from rodents in Fujian Province, Southeast China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Nian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuicheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangzhen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6305_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196700","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1196700","volume":"14","author":"X Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin X, Gou Y, Xin Y, Li J, Sun J, Li T, et al. 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