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Live oocyst vaccination is currently the most effective measure for the prevention of coccidiosis. However, it provides limited protection with several drawbacks, such as poor immunological protection and potential reversion to virulence. Therefore, the development of effective and safe vaccines against chicken coccidiosis is still urgently needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, a novel oral vaccine against <jats:italic>Eimeria tenella<\/jats:italic> was developed by constructing a recombinant <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> (NC8) strain expressing the <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> RON2 protein. We administered recombinant <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> orally at 3, 4 and 5\u00a0days of age and again at 17, 18 and 19\u00a0days of age. Meanwhile, each chick in the commercial vaccine group was immunized with 3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> live oocysts of coccidia. A total of 5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> sporulated oocysts of <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> were inoculated in each chicken at 30\u00a0days. Then, the immunoprotection effect was evaluated after <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed that the proportion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, the proliferative ability of spleen lymphocytes, inflammatory cytokine levels and specific antibody titers of chicks immunized with recombinant <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> were significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The relative body weight gains were increased and the number of oocysts per gram (OPG) was decreased after <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> challenge. Moreover, the lesion scores and histopathological cecum sections showed that recombinant <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> can significantly relieve pathological damage in the cecum. The ACI was 170.89 in the recombinant <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> group, which was higher than the 150.14 in the commercial vaccine group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These above results indicate that <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> expressing RON2 improved humoral and cellular immunity and enhanced immunoprotection against <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic>. The protective efficacy was superior to that of vaccination with the commercial live oocyst vaccine. This study suggests that recombinant <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> expressing the RON2 protein provides a promising strategy for vaccine development against coccidiosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06355-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T04:02:33Z","timestamp":1719547353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing the Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck 2 protein elicits protective immunity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tongxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangfan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802050705","volume":"37","author":"A Haug","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haug A, Gjevre AG, Skjerve E, Kaldhusdal M. 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