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Due to the abundance of mosquito vectors in this locality, the population exposed to mosquito-borne diseases is therefore also increasing, as is the risk of epidemic episodes. The aim of the present study was to assess, in a resource-limited setting, the information on mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission risk that can be provided through a longitudinal entomological study carried out in a multi-host single site.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mosquitoes were collected every 15\u00a0days over 16\u00a0months (from January 2017 to April 2018) using six CDC-light traps in a peri-urban area of Antananarivo. Multivariable generalised linear models were developed using indoor and outdoor densities of the predominant mosquito species as response variables and moon illumination, environmental data and climatic data as the explanatory variables.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, 46,737 mosquitoes belonging to at least 20 species were collected, of which <jats:italic>Culex antennatus<\/jats:italic> (68.9%), <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> (19.8%), <jats:italic>Culex poicilipes<\/jats:italic> (3.7%) and <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> sensu lato (2.3%) were the most abundant species. Mosquito densities were observed to be driven by moon illumination and climatic factors interacting at different lag periods. The outdoor models demonstrated biweekly and seasonal patterns of mosquito densities, while the indoor models demonstrated only a seasonal pattern.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An important diversity of mosquitoes exists in the peri-urban area of Antananarivo. Some well-known vector species, such as <jats:italic>Cx. antennatus<\/jats:italic>, a major vector of West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift-Valley fever virus (RVFV), <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>, a major vector of WNV, <jats:italic>Cx. poicilipes<\/jats:italic>, a candidate vector of RVFV and <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> sensu lato, a major vector of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp., are abundant. Importantly, these four mosquito species are present all year round, even though their abundance declines during the cold dry season, with the exception of <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>. The main drivers of their abundance were found to be temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, as well as\u2014for outdoor abundance only\u2014moon illumination. Identifying these drivers is a first step towards the development of pathogen transmission models (R0 models), which are key to inform public health stakeholders on the periods of most risk for vector-borne diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06393-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T10:09:24Z","timestamp":1725962964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mosquito dynamics and their drivers in peri-urban Antananarivo, Madagascar: insights from a longitudinal multi-host single-site survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Micha\u00ebl Luciano","family":"Tantely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Guis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manou Rominah","family":"Raharinirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maminirina Fidelis","family":"Ambinintsoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iavonirina","family":"Randriananjantenaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haja Johnson","family":"Velonirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Revillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Herbreteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelise","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Girod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6393_CR1","first-page":"317","volume":"55","author":"D Fontenille","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fontenille D. 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