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Interspecific interactions between parasite species can modify host susceptibility, pathogenesis and transmissibility through immunomodulation. Our objective was to test the association between human co-infection with intestinal parasites and host parasitaemia, infectiousness to the vector and immunological profiles in <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>-seropositive individuals residing in an endemic region of the Argentine Chaco.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional serological survey for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic> infection along with an intestinal parasite survey in two adjacent rural villages. Each participant was tested for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection by serodiagnosis, and by coprological tests for intestinal parasite detection. <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> bloodstream parasite load was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), host infectiousness by artificial xenodiagnosis and serum human cytokine levels by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The seroprevalence for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic> was 16.1% and for <jats:italic>S.\u00a0stercoralis<\/jats:italic> 11.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200987). We found 25.3% of patients with <jats:italic>Enterobius vermicularis<\/jats:italic>. The most frequent protozoan parasites were <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. (39.1%), <jats:italic>Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic> (6.9%) and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. (3.4%). Multiparasitism occurred in 36.8% of the examined patients. Co-infection ranged from 6.9% to 8.1% for <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>-seropositive humans simultaneously infected with at least one protozoan or helminth species, respectively. The relative odds of being positive by qPCR or xenodiagnosis (i.e. infectious) of 28\u00a0<jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic>-seropositive patients was eight times higher in people co-infected with at least one helminth species than in patients with no such co-infection. <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> parasite load and host infectiousness were positively associated with helminth co-infection in a multiple regression analysis. Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) response, measured in relation to interleukin (IL)-4 among humans infected with <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic> only, was 1.5-fold higher than for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic>-seropositive patients co-infected with helminths. The median concentration of IL-4 was significantly higher in <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic>-seropositive patients with a positive qPCR test than in qPCR-negative patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results show a high level of multiparasitism and suggest that co-infection with intestinal helminths increased <jats:italic>T.\u00a0cruzi<\/jats:italic> parasitaemia and upregulated the Th2-type response in the study patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06401-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T17:03:19Z","timestamp":1723482199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Humans seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi co-infected with intestinal helminths have higher infectiousness, parasitaemia and Th2-type response in the Argentine Chaco"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gustavo Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia Paula","family":"Macchiaverna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graciela","family":"Garbossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz Piedad","family":"Quebrada Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara Leonor","family":"Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Bua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Sol","family":"Gaspe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Esteban","family":"G\u00fcrtler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Postan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Victoria","family":"Cardinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6401_CR1","unstructured":"Global Health Metrics. 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