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We aimed to describe <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> detection among arthropods and their hosts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We searched databases in PubMed Central\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 1915 (the year of <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> discovery) to January 1, 2024, to identify publications containing specific search terms relating to <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> detection among arthropods. Descriptive statistics and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence using random-effects models were performed for all arthropods and body and head lice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 1265 records, 62 articles were included, describing 8839 body lice, 4962 head lice, and 1692 other arthropods, such as different species of fleas, bedbugs, mites, and ticks. Arthropods were collected from 37 countries, of which 28 had arthropods with <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA. Among articles that reported <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> detection among individual arthropods, 1445 of 14,088 (0.1026, 95% CI [0.0976; 0.1077]) arthropods tested positive for <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA, generating a random-effects model global prevalence of 0.0666 (95% CI [0.0426; 0.1026]). Fifty-six studies tested 8839 body lice, of which 1679 had <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA (0.1899, 95% CI [0.1818; 0.1983]), generating a random-effects model pooled prevalence of 0.2312 (95% CI [0.1784; 0.2843]). Forty-two studies tested 4962 head lice, of which 390 head lice from 20 studies originating from 11 different countries had <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA (0.0786, 95% CI [0.0713; 0.0864]). Eight studies detected <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA exclusively on head lice. Five studies reported greater <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> detection on head lice than body lice; all originated from low-resource environments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic> is a vector-borne bacterium with a global distribution, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic> DNA has been detected in many different arthropod species, though not all of these arthropods meet criteria to be considered vectors for <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> transmission. Body lice have long been known to transmit <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>. A limited number of studies suggest that head lice may also act as possible vectors for <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> in specific low-resource contexts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06413-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T11:35:15Z","timestamp":1722598515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bartonella quintana detection among arthropods and their hosts: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Carl","family":"Boodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"van Griensven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Van Bortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6413_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.050874","volume":"12","author":"C Foucault","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foucault C, Brouqui P, Raoult D. 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