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Lately, anthropogenic protective efforts lead to increasing numbers of wildcats in southwestern Germany. Moreover, in recent years the numbers of domestic cats are increasing. Thus, the contact between domestic and wildcats may lead to the spread of zoonotic pathogens in both animal species. As data on vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in wildcats from Germany are limited to date, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence and current distribution of VBPs in wildcats from southwestern Germany.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Skin and spleen samples from 117 European wildcats, originating from a regional carcass-monitoring program in southwestern Germany, were examined by real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Neoehrlichia mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and Piroplasmida.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 6.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) of the wildcats were\n                      <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive, specified as\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>helvetica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Three wildcats were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2.6%), one for\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., namely\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>taylorii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.8%), and 84 for\n                      <jats:italic>Cytauxzoon<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (71.8%). Out of these 84 samples, 23 were further sequenced revealing very high identity levels (99.84\u2013100%) to\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>europaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is considered to be pathogenic for domestic cats. All wildcats were negative for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      European wildcats in southwestern Germany are hosting several VBPs. With the exception of\n                      <jats:italic>Cytauxzoon<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., low prevalence rates of most examined pathogens suggest that wildcats are primarily incidental hosts for sylvatic pathogens associated with rodents, in contrast to domestic cats. However, the high prevalence of the cat-associated pathogen\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>europaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                      suggests that wildcats in southwestern Germany may serve as reservoirs for this pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06428-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1724457763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sylvatic vector-borne pathogens including Cytauxzoon europaeus in the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from southwestern Germany"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Obiegala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Weilage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina M.","family":"Westhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Nemitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaida","family":"Renteria-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"6428_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140170","volume":"316","author":"P Kareiva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kareiva P, Watts S, McDonald R, Boucher T. 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