{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T02:55:20Z","timestamp":1764557720228,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014591","name":"Centrum Infectieziektebestrijding, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GGD Amsterdam"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Scabies, an infestation of the mite <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>, has seen an increase in clinical diagnoses in the Netherlands since 2011. This study aimed to analyse PCR-positive <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic> skin samples through partial genome sequencing and to link findings to patient epidemiological characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Skin samples were collected from individuals in the Netherlands between January 2016 and January 2023. On the PCR-positive <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic> skin samples, partial mitochondrial cytochrome<jats:italic> c<\/jats:italic> oxidase subunit 1 gene (<jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1) sequencing was performed to assess genetic variability. Epidemiological information was collected through interviews. We examined associations between <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1 subtypes, epidemiological factors and treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sequencing results were obtained from 128 patients, with epidemiological information available for 55 (43%) of these patients. Fifteen distinct <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic> subtypes were identified. Subtype 01 was most prevalent (45%) and present across all age groups and social settings. The remaining subtypes were less common and not consistently found in all contexts. Five clusters were identified, each with identical <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic> subtypes. Comparative analysis with GenBank sequences revealed genetic similarities with strains from Australia, the USA and China, suggesting the global distribution and transmission of specific subtypes. A substantial proportion (73%) of patients with scabies required multiple treatments to eradicate the infestation, with no subtype-related differences.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first study linking <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic> sequencing results to patient epidemiological data. Several subtypes clustered in specific geographic regions and social contexts, underscoring localised transmission patterns. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to enhance our understanding of the transmission of this mite. This study provides valuable insights that will strengthen scabies control efforts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06488-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T16:01:42Z","timestamp":1728316902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring transmission dynamics of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite in humans by combining molecular typing and epidemiological variables, the Netherlands 2016\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Martijn","family":"Vink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hester","family":"Coppoolse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Bergmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Wennekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Pattipeilohy-van Ommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marieta","family":"Braks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Bruisten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemie","family":"Galimont-Collen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"Wintermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewout","family":"Fanoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"RIVM (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment). Scabi\u00ebs richtlijn. Landelijke Co\u00f6rdinatie Infectieziektebestrijding; 2015. https:\/\/lci.rivm.nl\/richtlijnen\/scabies. Accessed 23 Dec 2023.","key":"6488_CR1"},{"key":"6488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008229","volume":"14","author":"M Bae","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bae M, Kim J, Jung J, Cha H, Jeon N, Lee H, et al. Diagnostic value of the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei from a skin scraping in patients with suspected scabies. PLOS Neglect Trop D. 2020;14:e0008229.","journal-title":"PLOS Neglect Trop D"},{"key":"6488_CR3","first-page":"391","volume":"28","author":"E Fanoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fanoy E, Pattipeilohy J, Braks M, van Drunen K, Igloi Z, Morroy G, et al. Scabi\u00ebs-PCR bij uitbraken binnen zorgorganisaties. Infectieziekten Bull. 2017;28:391\u20136.","journal-title":"Infectieziekten Bull"},{"unstructured":"Bergmans A, Brabers-Bax N, Vrolijk A, Theune W, van der Ent M, van Leest S, et al. Real-time PCR for Sarcoptes scabiei, the causative agent of scabies. Poster. Papendal: Nederlandse Vereniging voor Medische Microbiologie; 2015.","key":"6488_CR4"},{"key":"6488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00073-15","volume":"53","author":"S Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong S, Poon R, Chau S, Wong S, To K, Cheng V, et al. Development of conventional and real-time quantitative PCR assays for diagnosis and monitoring of scabies. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53:2095\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"unstructured":"Dutch Public Health Act. Wet publieke gezondheid. 2016. https:\/\/wetten.overheid.nl\/BWBR0024705\/2016-08-01. Accessed 23 Dec 2023.","key":"6488_CR6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Deursen B, Hooiveld M, Marks S, Snijdewind I, van den Kerkhof H, Wintermans B, et al. Increasing incidence of reported scabies infestations in the Netherlands, 2011\u20132021. 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Life. 2022;12:1598.","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"6488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.01.012","volume":"15","author":"SWS Alasaad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alasaad SWS, Rossi L, Bornstein S, Abu-Madi M, Soriguer RC, Fitzgerald S, et al. Sarcoptes\u2014world molecular network: integrating research on scabies. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15:e294\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004384","volume":"10","author":"E Mofiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mofiz E, Seemann T, Bahlo M, Holt D, Currie B, Fischer K, et al. Mitochondrial genome sequence of the scabies mite provides insight into the genetic diversity of individual scabies infections. 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Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent to use of patient\u2019s de-identified, anonymised, aggregated data and their case details was obtained for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"419"}}