{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:22:25Z","timestamp":1790342545852,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["G0F4320N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0F4320N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Consortium of Experts in Neglected Tropical Diseases","award":["CENTD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente \u2013 L2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente \u2013 L2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the soil-transmitted helminth\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis,<\/jats:italic>\n                      recently included in the 2030 targets of the World Health Organization for the control of STHs. Assessment of infection prevalence is fundamental for decision-making about the implementation of control programs, but diagnostic assays to be applied in such context require evaluation. Seroassays based on recombinant antigens, which could be produced in a standardized and scalable manner, are particularly appealing for use in control programs. In this study, we performed a technical evaluation of the InBios Strongy Detect IgG ELISA, based on recombinant antigens NIE and SsIR, which has shown promising for field use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 46 plasma samples from Ethiopian children were used for this technical evaluation. Repeatability was evaluated on duplicate samples per plate, on four plates per day for 3 days using Bland\u2013Altman plots, analysis of residuals, and variance components analysis. Three samples were selected for evaluation of the uniformity of test results within a single plate (border effect) by two-sided\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test. Correlation between samples and internal ELISA positive controls was analyzed using Spearman\u2019s rank correlation coefficient applied on the results of 777 samples analyzed with the assay in a previous field-based study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Within and between plate residuals ranged from \u22120.05 to\u2009+\u20090.05 and \u22120.1 to\u2009+\u20090.1, respectively. Total variance was estimated at 0.327; 99.6% of variation could be attributed to the samples. There was no systematic border effect and a negligible correlation between positive internal control and samples results (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.213;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results obtained in this study, in highly controlled conditions, point toward the InBios Strongy Detect IgG ELISA assay being reproducible, with no systematic border effect. These results encourage further assay\u2019s development and evaluation for use in practice, including determination of preset cutoff values for positivity, which is currently not provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06501-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T07:13:19Z","timestamp":1734937999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Technical evaluation of the InBios Strongy Detect IgG ELISA assay for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Roose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Prato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adama","family":"Kazienga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Peelaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justien","family":"Arens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemechu Tadessa","family":"Leta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Buonfrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Levecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6501_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468","volume":"9","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buonfrate D, Bisanzio D, Giorli G, Odermatt P, F\u00fcrst T, Greenaway C, et\nal. The global prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Pathogens. 2020;9:468.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"6501_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00033","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00033-23","volume":"36","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buonfrate D, Bradbury RS, Watts MR, Bisoffi Z. Human strongyloidiasis: complexities and pathways forward. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023;36:e00033-e123.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"6501_CR3","unstructured":"Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"6501_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2022.07.001","volume":"118","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buonfrate D, Tamarozzi F, Paradies P, Watts MR, Bradbury RS, Bisoffi Z. The diagnosis of human and companion animal Strongyloides stercoralis infection: challenges and solutions. A scoping review. Adv Parasitol. 2022;118:1\u201384.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"6501_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012049","volume":"18","author":"S Roose","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roose S, Vande Velde F, Vlaminck J, Geldhof P, Levecke B. Serological diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm) infections: a scoping review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024;18:e0012049.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"6501_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04916-x","volume":"14","author":"F Tamarozzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamarozzi F, Longoni SS, Mazzi C, Pettene S, Montresor A, Mahanty S, et\nal. Diagnostic accuracy of a novel enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of IgG and IgG4 against Strongyloides stercoralis based on the recombinant antigens NIE\/SsIR. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:412.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6501_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182024000027","volume":"151","author":"M Prato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prato M, Tamarozzi F, Tais S, Rizzi E, Mazzi C, Buonfrate D. Evaluation of the SsIR\/NIE recombinant antigen ELISA for the follow up of patients infected by Strongyloides stercoralis: a diagnostic study. Parasitology. 2024;151:295\u20139.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"6501_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010126","volume":"16","author":"WJ Sears","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sears WJ, Nutman TB. Strongy Detect: preliminary validation of a prototype recombinant Ss-NIE\/Ss-IR Based ELISA to detect Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010126.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"6501_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e740","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00108-0","volume":"11","author":"F Tamarozzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tamarozzi F, Guevara \u00c1G, Anselmi M, Vicu\u00f1a Y, Prandi R, Marquez M,  et\nal. Accuracy, acceptability, and feasibility of diagnostic tests for the screening of Strongyloides stercoralis in the field (ESTRELLA): a cross-sectional study in Ecuador. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11:e740\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"6501_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010824","volume":"16","author":"S Roose","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roose S, Leta GT, Vlaminck J, Getachew B, Mekete K, Peelaers I, et\nal. Comparison of coproprevalence and seroprevalence to guide decision-making in national soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs: Ethiopia as a case study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010824.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"6501_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.01.011","volume":"68","author":"J Charlier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Charlier J, Duchateau L, Claerebout E, Vercruysse J. Assessment of the repeatability of a milk Ostertagia ostertagi ELISA and effects of sample preparation. Prev Vet Med. 2005;68:277\u201388.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"6501_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","volume":"1","author":"JM Bland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307\u201310.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06501-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06501-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06501-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T08:05:55Z","timestamp":1734941155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06501-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06501-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For samples from <i>S.\u00a0stercoralis<\/i> endemic areas, ethical approval was secured from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute Scientific and Ethical Review Office (SERO-128-4-2005, amended for blood sampling) and Imperial College London's Institutional Review Board (ICREC_8_2_2), as detailed in Roose et\u00a0al. [\n                      \n                      ]. Serum samples from Belgian non-endemic adult population used to calculate the cutoff for test positivity were sourced from Red Cross Flanders (order nos. CG2016 0404A, CM2016 0627B, CG2016 1219F).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"534"}}