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The long-term survival of parasites in the host necessitates persistent modulation of the host immune response. Intercellular communication achieved through the exchange of molecules via extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the parasite could be a crucial factor in this regard. This study aimed to isolate and characterize EVs released by adult male and female <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> worms and conduct a proteomic analysis to identify sex-specific proteins and potential immunomodulatory factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Live adult <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> worms were collected, and EVs were isolated from spent culture media using differential ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the size, concentration, and morphology of the isolated EVs. Proteins within the isolated EVs were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC\u2013MS\/MS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Proteomic analysis revealed a total of 113 proteins in <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> EVs, with several proteins showing homology to known helminth exosome proteins and exhibiting immunomodulatory functions. Sex-specific differences in EV protein composition were observed, with a distinct abundance of C-type lectins in female EVs, suggesting potential sex-specific roles or regulation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed metabolic pathways shared between male and female <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> EVs, as well as differences in signal transduction, and cell growth and death pathways, indicating sex-specific variations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings imply that <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> EVs and their protein cargo are complex. This data potentially opens avenues for discovering innovative approaches to managing and understanding helminth infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06502-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1728579701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protein profile of extracellular vesicles derived from adult Parascaris spp."],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vishnu","family":"Manikantan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichol E.","family":"Ripley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin K.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriveny","family":"Dangoudoubiyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12536","volume":"28","author":"MK Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen MK. 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