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In the Old World, the most important genus in term of pathogens transmission is the genus <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>, which includes many proven or suspected vectors of several <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species, while the genus <jats:italic>Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic> remains so far unproven as a vector of human pathogens. Algeria is one of the most affected countries by human leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the present study, an entomological survey was carried out in two provinces, Gharda\u00efa and Illizi, located in the north and central Sahara, respectively, where cases of human leishmaniasis are recorded. Our goal was to understand the role of the local sand fly species in the transmission of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites and to analyze their blood meal preferences. Collected sand flies were identified by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches that included DNA-barcoding and matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) protein profiling. In addition, female blood meals were analyzed by peptide mass mapping using MALDI-TOF MS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 640 sand fly specimens belonging to <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic> genera were collected in the two provinces. <jats:italic>Sergentomyia antennata<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Se.\u00a0fallax<\/jats:italic> were most abundant species in Gharda\u00efa, and <jats:italic>Ph.\u00a0papatasi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ph.\u00a0alexandri<\/jats:italic> in Illizi. In addition, a new sand fly species was described in Illizi named <jats:italic>Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>imihra<\/jats:italic> n. sp. Blood meal analysis of the engorged females revealed various mammalian hosts, especially goats, but also humans for <jats:italic>Phlebotomus papatasi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ph.\u00a0alexandri<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that these vector species are opportunistic feeders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Integrative approach that combined morphological analysis, sequencing of DNA markers, and protein profiling enabled the recognition and description of a new <jats:italic>Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic> species, raising the number of the Algerian sand fly fauna to 27 species. Further sand fly surveillance in the central Sahara is recommended to identify the thus-far unknown males of <jats:italic>Se.\u00a0imihra<\/jats:italic> n. sp.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06542-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1730728966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phlebotomine sand fly survey, blood meal source identification, and description of Sergentomyia imihra n. sp. in the central Sahara of Algeria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kamal Eddine","family":"Benallal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mefissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassine","family":"Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Depaquit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoubir","family":"Harrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edt","family":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Volf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Halada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6542_CR1","unstructured":"Ruiz-Postigo JA, Jain S, Mikhailov A, Maia-Elkhoury AN, Valadas S, Warusavithana S, et al. 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