{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T17:52:59Z","timestamp":1766339579483,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI146849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI146849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Significant effort and resources have been invested to control malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, but it remains a major public health problem. For the parasite to be transmitted, the female <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> vector must survive 10\u201314\u00a0days following an infective bite to allow <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> gametocytes to develop into infectious sporozoites. The goal of this study was to assess factors associated with wild-caught <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> survival and infection following host-seeking and indoor resting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study was conducted between January 2020 to March 2022 in a longitudinal cohort of 75 households in 5 villages including a total of 755 household members in Bungoma County, Kenya. Monthly adult mosquito collection was conducted by attenuated aspiration in all enrolled households, and mosquitoes were reared for 7\u00a0days. The daily mortality rate was determined through day 7. All mosquitoes were morphologically identified. Female <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> were dissected, and species-level members of the <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> complex were resolved by molecular methods. The abdomens of all samples were processed for <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> oocyst detection by PCR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Within a 25-month period, the total numbers of non-<jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes collected indoors were 12,843 and 712, respectively. <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic> were the major vectors, though their distributions varied between different villages; 61.2% (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u2009436\/712) of the <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes survived up to day 7, with the lowest mortality rate recorded on day 5 of captivity. The survival rate also varied between the different <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species. Six hundred eighty-three of 712 mosquito abdomens were tested for <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>; 7.8% (53\/683) tested positive for <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, with <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic> having a higher (10%) prevalence than <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> s.s. (6.0%, <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.095, Pearson Chi-square test). The proportion of household members sleeping under a bednet the night before mosquito collection varied across time and village. <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic> survival times were refractory to household ITN usage, and <jats:italic>An. gambaie<\/jats:italic> s.s. survival was reduced only under very high (100%) ITN usage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite ITN usage, mosquitoes still acquired blood meals and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infections. Survival differed across species and was inversely correlated with high ITN usage in the household but not oocyst development.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06550-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T16:35:03Z","timestamp":1731429303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship between malaria vector survival, infectivity, and insecticide-treated net use in western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lucy","family":"Abel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Kimachas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Omollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Nalianya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tabitha","family":"Chepkwony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kipkoech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Amunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aggrey","family":"Wekesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Namae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Kahindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Mangeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zena","family":"Lapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine F.","family":"Markwalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Obala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Prudhomme O\u2019Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-041320-020659","volume":"76","author":"JD Dvorin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dvorin JD, Goldberg DE. 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Written informed consent was obtained the household heads and participants prior to data and mosquito collection. All study methods were carried out in accordance with ethical guidelines and regulations set out by both Moi University and Duke Ethical Review Boards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"464"}}