{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:57:16Z","timestamp":1785365836171,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bacteria of the genus <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> are agents of disease in both domestic animals and humans and pose a significant public health risk. <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> species have complex transmission cycles, often using rodents as vertebrate reservoir hosts. These bacteria are classified into three well-defined monophyletic groups: <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> sensu lato (Bbsl) complex, the relapsing fever (RF) group, and a third group associated with reptiles and echidnas. Moreover, a new group of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> associated with rodents has recently been proposed, as these bacteria form a phylogenetic group separated from the previously mentioned groups. This study aimed to investigate the presence of DNA of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spirochetes in rodents in specific areas of the Colombian Caribbean.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 155 rodent spleen samples were selected from the tissue bank. These samples were obtained in the departments of La Guajira and C\u00f3rdoba (Northern Colombia). DNA extraction and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Borrelia 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were performed, followed by nested PCR (nPCR) on positive samples to obtain larger fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and characterize the <jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic> gene. Alignments of generated sequences and ortholog sequences downloaded from Genbank were performed in Clustal Omega. A phylogenetic tree was built with the maximum likelihood method in IQTREE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Spleen samples from rodents of the genera <jats:italic>Heteromys<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Necromys<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Olygoryzomys<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Proechymis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rattus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sigmodon<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Zygodontomys<\/jats:italic> were processed. Overall, 6.5% (4\/162) of the animals tested positive for <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> by real-time PCR. All quantitative PCR (qPCR)-positive samples were also positive for nPCR targeting the\u00a016S rRNA gene, yielding fragments of 344\u2013408\u00a0bp and 603\u2013673\u00a0bp from two <jats:italic>Sigmodon<\/jats:italic> rodents and two <jats:italic>Zygodontomys<\/jats:italic> rodents from La Guajira and C\u00f3rdoba. All samples were negative for the <jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic> gene. Only samples from <jats:italic>Zygodontomys<\/jats:italic> rodents presented good quality sequences. A BLASTn analysis showed a percentage of identity ranging between 98.16 and 96.06% with <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> sp. R57. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences of the present study clustered with species of the recently proposed <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> \u201crodent group.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first detection of borreliae of the \u201crodent group\u201d in South America. Our results reaffirm the occurrence of a group of spirochetes associated with rodents, extending its geographic distribution to the Colombian Caribbean.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06560-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T11:58:18Z","timestamp":1732881498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rodent group borreliae do occur in wild rodents from the Caribbean region of Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yesica","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketty","family":"Galeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro A.","family":"Faccini-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeimi","family":"Lopez-Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan D.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"6560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2177\/cimb.042.097.2","volume":"42","author":"Z Oppler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oppler Z, Keeffe K, McCoy K, Brisson D. 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