{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:52:47Z","timestamp":1788562367067,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianshan Innovation Team Program","award":["2023D14009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023D14009"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianshan Innovation Team Program","award":["2024D14010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024D14010"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia","award":["SKL-HIDCA-2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-HIDCA-2022-1"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia","award":["SKL-HIDCA-2023-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-HIDCA-2023-2"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022D01D17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022D01D17"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82360111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Project of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Universities Research Program","award":["XJEDU2021I016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJEDU2021I016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE), CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells undergo functional exhaustion, which accelerates the malignant progression of AE. However, the role of inhibitory receptor CD244 in mediating CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell exhaustion remains elusive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CD244 expression on exhausted CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the close liver tissue (CLT) of AE patients was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing data. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to detect CD244 expression. Flow cytometry was used to assess the impact of CD244 on differentiation and effector function of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in patients with AE, in vitro and in vivo models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were measured to evaluate the influence of CD244 on mitochondrial function of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CD244<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the CLT of AE patients exhibit a more terminal differentiation phenotype, with reduced secretion of IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. In vitro studies revealed that CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from CD244-deficient mice produced higher levels of IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1 and Granzyme B. In vivo studies revealed that CD244 deficiency enhanced the secretion capacity of IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 by CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, inhibiting the growth of metacestodes. Moreover, CD244 deficiency leads to a decrease in ROS levels in liver CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, while significantly increasing their adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-linked oxygen consumption rate.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CD244 facilitates AE disease progression by mediating immune exhaustion in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06573-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T03:39:55Z","timestamp":1732333195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Upregulation of CD244 promotes CD8+ T cell exhaustion in patients with alveolar echinococcosis and a murine model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiemin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilai","family":"Duolikun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinshi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abidan","family":"ainiwaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuran","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibigu","family":"Rousu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuerganaili","family":"Aji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingmei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.05.005","volume":"35","author":"A Casulli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casulli A, Barth TFE, Tamarozzi F. Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends Parasitol. 2019;35:738\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"6573_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3866","volume":"344","author":"DP McManus","year":"2012","unstructured":"McManus DP, Gray DJ, Zhang W, Yang Y. Diagnosis, treatment, and management of echinococcosis. BMJ. 2012;344:e3866.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6573_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","volume":"32","author":"H Wen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, et al. Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32:10\u20131128.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"6573_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30038-3","volume":"8","author":"G Paternoster","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paternoster G, Boo G, Wang C, Minbaeva G, Usubalieva J, Raimkulov KM, et al. Epidemic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: an analysis of national surveillance data. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:e603\u201311.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"6573_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2016.1240030","volume":"14","author":"DA Vuitton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vuitton DA, Azizi A, Richou C, Vuitton L, Blagosklonov O, Delabrousse E, et al. Current interventional strategy for the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016;14:1179\u201394.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"6573_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-003-0394-2","volume":"388","author":"S Bresson-Hadni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bresson-Hadni S, Koch S, Miguet JP, Gillet M, Mantion GA, Heyd B, et al. Indications and results of liver transplantation for Echinococcus alveolar infection: an overview. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2003;388:231\u20138.","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"6573_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.953846","volume":"13","author":"X Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu X, Qian X, Gao C, Pang Y, Zhou H, Zhu L, et al. Advances in the pharmacological treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: from laboratory to clinic. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:953846.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"6573_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf9522","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf9522","volume":"9","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen C, Zheng H, Horwitz EM, Ando S, Araki K, Zhao P, et al. Mitochondrial metabolic flexibility is critical for CD8(+) T cell antitumor immunity. Sci Adv. 2023;9:eadf9522.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"6573_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI180080","volume":"134","author":"L Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou L, Velegraki M, Wang Y, Mandula JK, Chang Y, Liu W, et al. Spatial and functional targeting of intratumoral Tregs reverses CD8+ T cell exhaustion and promotes cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Invest. 2024;134:e180080.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6573_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7357","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197357","volume":"21","author":"DJ Verdon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verdon DJ, Mulazzani M, Jenkins MR. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of CD8(+) T cell differentiation, dysfunction and exhaustion. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:7357.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6573_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.02.006","volume":"82","author":"JC Beltra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beltra JC, Decaluwe H. Cytokines and persistent viral infections. Cytokine. 2016;82:4\u201315.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"6573_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30896","volume":"71","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Lin R, Li Z, Yang S, Bi X, Wang H, et al. Immune exhaustion of T cells in alveolar echinococcosis patients and its reversal by blocking checkpoint receptor TIGIT in a murine model. Hepatology. 2020;71:1297\u2013315.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"6573_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231.19","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.204.Supp.231.19","volume":"204","author":"R Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin R, Li Z, Zhang C. Lack of PD-1 suppressed the growth of E. multilocularis in mice. J Immunol. 2020;204:231.19.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.09.007","volume":"42","author":"C Straub","year":"2014","unstructured":"Straub C, Neulen ML, Viertlboeck BC, G\u00f6bel TW. Chicken SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), a receptor expressed on thrombocytes, monocytes, NK cells, and subsets of \u03b1\u03b2-, \u03b3\u03b4- T cells and B cells binds to SLAMF2. Dev Comp Immunol. 2014;42:159\u201368.","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9050095","volume":"9","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Li Y, Yu Q, Wang M, Ainiwaer A, Tang N, et al. Immunological characteristics of hepatic dendritic cells in patients and mouse model with liver Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024;9:95.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"6573_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.8057","volume":"45","author":"Y Sugita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugita Y, Yamashita K, Fujita M, Saito M, Yamada K, Agawa K, et al. CD244(+) polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells reflect the status of peritoneal dissemination in a colon cancer mouse model. Oncol Rep. 2021;45:106.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"6573_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1242","volume":"6","author":"R Roncagalli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roncagalli R, Taylor JE, Zhang S, Shi X, Chen R, Cruz-Munoz ME, et al. Negative regulation of natural killer cell function by EAT-2, a SAP-related adaptor. Nat Immunol. 2005;6:1002\u201310.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3796","volume":"105","author":"P Eissmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eissmann P, Beauchamp L, Wooters J, Tilton JC, Long EO, Watzl C. Molecular basis for positive and negative signaling by the natural killer cell receptor 2B4 (CD244). Blood. 2005;105:4722\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"6573_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00453.x","volume":"214","author":"A Veillette","year":"2006","unstructured":"Veillette A. NK cell regulation by SLAM family receptors and SAP-related adapters. Immunol Rev. 2006;214:22\u201334.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"6573_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1679","volume":"10","author":"SD Blackburn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blackburn SD, Shin H, Haining WN, Zou T, Workman CJ, Polley A, et al. Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection. Nat Immunol. 2009;10:29\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.61186\/ibj.3843","volume":"27","author":"M Mohammadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadi M, Asgarian-Omran H, Najafi A, Valadan R, Karami H, Naderisoraki M, et al. Evaluation of mRNA EXPRESSION of CD244 and its adapter molecules in CD8+ T cells in acute leukemia. Iran Biomed J. 2023;27:214\u20138.","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J"},{"key":"6573_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11703-1","volume":"7","author":"C Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang C, Shao Y, Yang S, Bi X, Li L, Wang H, et al. T-cell tolerance and exhaustion in the clearance of Echinococcus multilocularis: role of inoculum size in a quantitative hepatic experimental model. Sci Rep. 2017;7:11153.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6573_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50754-7","volume":"15","author":"C Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wang H, Aji T, Li Z, Li Y, Ainiwaer A, et al. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells promotes antiparasitic T-cell immunity and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 blockade (15 words). Nat Commun. 2024;15:6345.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"6573_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1324-y","volume":"571","author":"AC Scott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scott AC, D\u00fcndar F, Zumbo P, Chandran SS, Klebanoff CA, Shakiba M, et al. TOX is a critical regulator of tumour-specific T cell differentiation. Nature. 2019;571:270\u20134.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6573_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.014","volume":"52","author":"JC Beltra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beltra JC, Manne S, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Kurachi M, Giles JR, Chen Z, et al. Developmental relationships of four exhausted CD8(+) T cell subsets reveals underlying transcriptional and epigenetic landscape control mechanisms. Immunity. 2020;52:825-41.e8.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"6573_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0223-7","volume":"20","author":"A Kallies","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kallies A, Zehn D, Utzschneider DT. Precursor exhausted T cells: key to successful immunotherapy? Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:128\u201336.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092234","volume":"10","author":"A Beumer-Chuwonpad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Taggenbrock R, Ngo TA, van Gisbergen K. The potential of tissue-resident memory T cells for adoptive immunotherapy against cancer. Cells. 2021;10:2234.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6573_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00834-9","volume":"22","author":"NE Scharping","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scharping NE, Rivadeneira DB, Menk AV, Vignali PDA, Ford BR, Rittenhouse NL, et al. Mitochondrial stress induced by continuous stimulation under hypoxia rapidly drives T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol. 2021;22:205\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.02.015","volume":"75","author":"L Peters","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peters L, Burkert S, Gr\u00fcner B. Parasites of the liver\u2014epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management in the European context. J Hepatol. 2021;75:202\u201318.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"6573_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002567","volume":"8","author":"V Rodrigues","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodrigues V, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Laforge M, Ouaissi A, Akharid K, Silvestre R, et al. Impairment of T cell function in parasitic infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8:e2567.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"6573_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01219-w","volume":"23","author":"D Zehn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zehn D, Thimme R, Lugli E, de Almeida GP, Oxenius A. \u2018Stem-like\u2019 precursors are the fount to sustain persistent CD8(+) T cell responses. Nat Immunol. 2022;23:836\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.01.008","volume":"164","author":"SL McArdel","year":"2016","unstructured":"McArdel SL, Terhorst C, Sharpe AH. Roles of CD48 in regulating immunity and tolerance. Clin Immunol. 2016;164:10\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002045","volume":"7","author":"V Schlaphoff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schlaphoff V, Lunemann S, Suneetha PV, Jaroszewicz J, Grabowski J, Dietz J, et al. Dual function of the NK cell receptor 2B4 (CD244) in the regulation of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1002045.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"6573_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500440","volume":"195","author":"EL de Mare-Bredemeijer","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Mare-Bredemeijer EL, Shi XL, Mancham S, van Gent R, van der Heide-Mulder M, de Boer R, et al. Cytomegalovirus-induced expression of CD244 after liver transplantation is associated with CD8+ T cell hyporesponsiveness to alloantigen. J Immunol. 2015;195:1838\u201348.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23936","volume":"52","author":"B Raziorrouh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raziorrouh B, Schraut W, Gerlach T, Nowack D, Gr\u00fcner NH, Ulsenheimer A, et al. The immunoregulatory role of CD244 in chronic hepatitis B infection and its inhibitory potential on virus-specific CD8+ T-cell function. Hepatology. 2010;52:1934\u201347.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"6573_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.02.004","volume":"195","author":"R Mittal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mittal R, Chen CW, Lyons JD, Margoles LM, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, et al. Murine lung cancer induces generalized T-cell exhaustion. J Surg Res. 2015;195:541\u20139.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"6573_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00393","volume":"8","author":"A Egui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egui A, Ledesma D, P\u00e9rez-Ant\u00f3n E, Montoya A, G\u00f3mez I, Robledo SM, et al. Phenotypic and functional profiles of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells associated with infection control in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:393.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"6573_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1490","volume":"4","author":"LH Glimcher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glimcher LH, Townsend MJ, Sullivan BM, Lord GM. Recent developments in the transcriptional regulation of cytolytic effector cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:900\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"6573_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065543","volume":"295","author":"SJ Szabo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Szabo SJ, Sullivan BM, Stemmann C, Satoskar AR, Sleckman BP, Glimcher LH. Distinct effects of T-bet in TH1 lineage commitment and IFN-gamma production in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Science. 2002;295:338\u201342.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6573_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004879107","volume":"107","author":"E Mohr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohr E, Cunningham AF, Toellner KM, Bobat S, Coughlan RE, Bird RA, et al. IFN-{gamma} produced by CD8 T cells induces T-bet-dependent and -independent class switching in B cells in responses to alum-precipitated protein vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:17292\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6573_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109120","volume":"35","author":"LM McLane","year":"2021","unstructured":"McLane LM, Ngiow SF, Chen Z, Attanasio J, Manne S, Ruthel G, et al. Role of nuclear localization in the regulation and function of T-bet and Eomes in exhausted CD8 T cells. Cell Rep. 2021;35:109120.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"6573_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs247353","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.247353","volume":"133","author":"MY Ansari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ansari MY, Ahmad N, Voleti S, Wase SJ, Novak K, Haqqi TM. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers a catabolic response in chondrocytes via ROS-mediated activation of the JNK\/AP1 pathway. J Cell Sci. 2020;133:jcs247353.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"6573_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01614-x","volume":"24","author":"L Till\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Till\u00e9 L, Cropp D, Charmoy M, Reichenbach P, Andreatta M, Wyss T, et al. Activation of the transcription factor NFAT5 in the tumor microenvironment enforces CD8(+) T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol. 2023;24:1645\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06573-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06573-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06573-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T16:02:58Z","timestamp":1732377778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06573-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06573-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, under license number K202107-14. Informed written consent was obtained from all participating patients. The animal study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethical Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, under approval number IACUC-20210315-01.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"483"}}