{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:21:43Z","timestamp":1790853703731,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023\/12670-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/12670-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020\/05636-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/05636-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["310906\/2022-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310906\/2022-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["88887.816569\/2023-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.816569\/2023-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this study, we investigated the genetic variability and population structure of the New World screwworm fly <jats:italic>Cochliomyia hominivorax<\/jats:italic>. We tested the hypothesis that the species exhibits a center\u2013periphery distribution of genetic variability, with higher genetic diversity in central populations (e.g., Brazil) and lower diversity in peripheral populations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using microsatellite markers, we analyzed larvae collected from infested livestock across South America. The larvae were collected directly from various wound sites to ensure a broad representation of genetic diversity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the results revealed consistent genetic variability across the species\u2019 distribution, low population differentiation, and no evidence of isolation-by-distance patterns among subpopulations. The genetic analysis indicated an excess of homozygotes, potentially due to the Wahlund effect, null alleles, or selection pressure.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings suggest a complex metapopulation structure for <jats:italic>C. hominivorax<\/jats:italic>, challenging classical population genetics models. This complexity likely arises from the species\u2019 high dispersal capability and frequent local extinctions followed by recolonization. These results have important implications for the design and implementation of control programs, emphasizing the need for coordinated and large-scale actions rather than isolated initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06622-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T12:53:55Z","timestamp":1737377635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Demographic and historical processes influencing Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) population structure across South America"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kelly da Silva","family":"e Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Chiara Baldassio","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Lima","family":"de Azeredo-Espin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana Teixeira","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.04.005","volume":"195","author":"JL Fitzpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick JL. Global food security: the impact of veterinary parasites and parasitologists. Vet Parasitol. 2013;195:233\u201348.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6622_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akash, Hoque M, Mondal S, Adusumilli S. Sustainable livestock production and food security. In: Emerging Issues in Climate Smart Livestock Production. Elsevier. 2022; 71\u201390. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780128222652000119.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822265-2.00011-9"},{"key":"6622_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168649","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1168649","volume":"10","author":"A Kappes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kappes A, Tozooneyi T, Shakil G, Railey AF, McIntyre KM, Mayberry DE, et al. Livestock health and disease economics: a scoping review of selected literature. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10:1168649.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"6622_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2020.1719373","volume":"68","author":"N Sargison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sargison N. The critical importance of planned small ruminant livestock health and production in addressing global challenges surrounding food production and poverty alleviation. N Z Vet J. 2020;68:136\u201344.","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"key":"6622_CR5","volume-title":"Myiasis in man and animals in the Old World","author":"FO Zumpt","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zumpt FO. Myiasis in man and animals in the Old World. London: Butterworths; 1965."},{"key":"6622_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholl PJ, Colwell DD, Cepeda-Palacios R. Myiasis (Muscoidea, Oestroidea). In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Elsevier. 2019; 383\u2013419. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9780128140437000194.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814043-7.00019-4"},{"key":"6622_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall M, Wall R. Myiasis of Humans and Domestic Animals. In: Advances in Parasitology. Elsevier. 1995; 257\u2013334. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065308X08600731. Accessed 23 Sept 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60073-1"},{"key":"6622_CR8","first-page":"171","volume":"3","author":"C Coquerel","year":"1858","unstructured":"Coquerel C. Note sur les larves appartenant a une esp\u00e8ce nouvelle de Dipt\u00e8re (Lucilia hominivorax) developpees dans les sinus frontaux de l\u2019homme a Cayenne. Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France. 1858;3:171\u20136.","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France"},{"key":"6622_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/82.4.526","volume":"82","author":"DB Thomas","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thomas DB, Mangan RL. Oviposition and wound-visiting behavior of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1989;82:526\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"6622_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2024.01.007","volume":"40","author":"SH Wainwright","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wainwright SH, Cunha CW, Webb B, McGregor B, Drolet B, Welch JB. Reemerging\/notifiable diseases to watch. Vet Clin N Am Food Animal Pract. 2024;40:317\u2013335.","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Food Animal Pract"},{"key":"6622_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01152-4","volume":"3","author":"MJ Scott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scott MJ, Benoit JB, Davis RJ, Bailey ST, Varga V, Martinson EO, et al. Genomic analyses of a livestock pest, the New World screwworm, find potential targets for genetic control programs. Commun Biol. 2020;3:424.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"6622_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009522","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612022058","volume":"31","author":"N Foerster","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foerster N, Soresini G, Paiva F, Silva FAD, Leuchtenberger C, Mour\u00e3o G. First report of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in free-ranging giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2022;31:e009522.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"6622_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopes LB, Nicolino R, Capanema RO, Oliveira CSF, Haddad JPA, Eckstein C. Economic impacts of parasitic diseases in cattle. CABI Rev. 2016;1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/PAVSNNR201510051.","DOI":"10.1079\/PAVSNNR201510051"},{"key":"6622_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003035572-29","volume-title":"Sterile insect technique","author":"M Vargas-Ter\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vargas-Ter\u00e1n M, Spradbery JP, Hofmann HC, Tweddle NE. Impact of screwworm eradication programmes using the sterile insect technique. In: Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS, editors. Sterile insect technique. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2021. p. 949\u201378."},{"key":"6622_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12040346","volume":"12","author":"MJB Vreysen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vreysen MJB, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K, Bouyer J, Caceres C, De Beer C, et al. The insect pest control laboratory of the joint FAO\/IAEA programme: ten years (2010\u20132020) of research and development, achievements and challenges in support of the sterile insect technique. Insects. 2021;12:346.","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"6622_CR16","unstructured":"Krafsur ES. Sterile Insect Technique for Suppressing and Eradicating Insect Population: 55 Years and Counting. J Agric Entomol. 1998;15:303\u201317."},{"key":"6622_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05289.x","volume":"916","author":"JH Wyss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wyss JH. Screwworm eradication in the Americas. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;916:186\u201393.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"6622_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2002)085[0666:APAODT]2.0.CO;2","volume":"85","author":"AH Baumhover","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baumhover AH. A personal account of developing the sterile insect technique to eradicate the screwworm from Curacao, Florida and the southeastern United States. Florida Entomol. 2002;85:666\u201373.","journal-title":"Florida Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4051-2_1","volume-title":"Sterile insect technique","author":"W Klassen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klassen W, Curtis CF. History of the sterile insect technique. In: Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS, editors. Sterile insect technique. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2005. p. 3\u201336."},{"key":"6622_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy049","volume":"55","author":"SR Skoda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skoda SR, Phillips PL, Welch JB. Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the United States: response to and elimination of the 2016\u20132017 outbreak in Florida. J Med Entomol. 2018;55:777\u201386.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.04.010","volume":"140","author":"RA De Carvalho","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Carvalho RA, Torres TT, De Azeredo-Espin AML. A survey of mutations in the Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) esterase E3 gene associated with organophosphate resistance and the molecular identification of mutant alleles. Vet Parasitol. 2006;140:344\u201351.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6622_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00788.x","volume":"23","author":"RA Carvalho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carvalho RA, Torres TT, Paniago MG, Azeredo-Espin AML. Molecular characterization of esterase E3 gene associated with organophosphorus insecticide resistance in the New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax. Med Vet Entomol. 2009;23:86\u201391.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04433-3","volume":"13","author":"S Tandonnet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tandonnet S, Cardoso GA, Mariano-Martins P, Monfardini RD, Cunha VAS, de Carvalho RA, et al. Molecular basis of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the New World screw-worm fly. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:562.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6622_CR24","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Effects of irradiation on the screwworm, Callitroga hominivorax (Cog)","author":"G Kauffman","year":"1957","unstructured":"Kauffman G, Wasserman M. Effects of irradiation on the screwworm, Callitroga hominivorax (Cog). Austin: University of Texas; 1957. p. 246\u201359."},{"key":"6622_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/5.5.821","volume":"5","author":"GL Bush","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bush GL, Neck RW. Ecological genetics of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its bearing on the quality control of mass-reared insects1. Environ Entomol. 1976;5:821\u20136.","journal-title":"Environ Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/74.6.582","volume":"74","author":"DO McInnis","year":"1981","unstructured":"McInnis DO. Cytogenetics of a local population of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, 1 from Northeastern Mexico. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1981;74:582\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"6622_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7199204","volume":"215","author":"RH Richardson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Richardson RH, Ellison JR, Averhoff WW. Autocidal control of screwworms in North America. Science. 1982;215:361\u201370.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6622_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.218.4577.1143","volume":"218","author":"RH Richardson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Richardson RH, Ellison JR, Averhoff WW. Response: mating types in screwworm populations? Science. 1982;218:1143\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6622_CR29","unstructured":"Azeredo-Espin AML. An\u00e1lise Cariot\u00edpica, Morfom\u00e9trica e de Compatibilidade Sexual, em Linhagens Brasileiras de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). 1987."},{"key":"6622_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110275","volume":"77","author":"V Dev","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dev V, LaChance LE, Whitten CJ. Polytene chromosomes, karyotype correlations, and population cytology of the primary screwworm fly. J Hered. 1986;77:427\u201334.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"6622_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02396152","volume":"27","author":"RL Roehrdanz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Roehrdanz RL. Intraspecific genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of the screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax). Biochem Genet. 1989;27:551\u201369.","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"6622_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.2.136","volume":"25","author":"RL Roehrdanz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Roehrdanz RL, Johnson DA. Mitochondrial DNA variation among geographical populations of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax. J Med Entomol. 1988;25:136\u201341.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.2.477","volume":"30","author":"ES Krafsur","year":"1993","unstructured":"Krafsur ES, Whitten CJ. Breeding structure of screwworm fly populations (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Colima, Mexico. J Med Entomol. 1993;30:477\u201380.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/87.5.626","volume":"87","author":"DB Taylor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor DB, Peterson RD. Population genetics and gene variation in primary and secondary screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1994;87:626\u201333.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"6622_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00020597","volume":"34","author":"DB Taylor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taylor DB, Peterson RD, Moya-Borja GE. Population genetics and gene variation in screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Brazil. Biochem Genet. 1996;34:67\u201376.","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"6622_CR36","unstructured":"Azeredo-Espin AML. Mitochondrial DNA variability in geographical populations of the Brazilian screwworm fly. In: International Atomic Energy Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, editors. Management of insect pests: nuclear and related molecular and genetic techniques. Vienna: [Lanham, MD: The Agency; UNIPUB, Distributor in the U.S.A. and Canada]. 1993; 161\u20135."},{"key":"6622_CR37","unstructured":"Infante-Malachias ME. Estrutura genetica de popula\u00e7\u00f5es de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) da regi\u00e3o sudeste do Brasil: analise atraves de tres tipos de marcadores geneticos. 1999. http:\/\/acervus.unicamp.br\/index.asp?codigo_sophia=331435. Accessed 23 Mar 2023."},{"key":"6622_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02401854","volume":"33","author":"ME Infante Vargas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Infante Vargas ME, Azeredo-Espin AML. Genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from Brazil. Biochem Genet. 1995;33:237\u201356.","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"6622_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1139\/g98-164","volume":"42","author":"ME Infante-Malachias","year":"1999","unstructured":"Infante-Malachias ME, Yotoko KSC, De Azeredo Espin AML. Random amplified polymorphic DNA of screwworm fly populations (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Southeastern Brazil and Northern Argentina. Genome. 1999;42:772\u20139.","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"6622_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.4.589","volume":"42","author":"ML Lyra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lyra ML, Fresia P, Gama S, Cristina J, Klaczko LB, de Azeredo-Espin AML. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA variability and genetic structure in populations of new world screwworm flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Uruguay. J Med Entomol. 2005;42:589\u201395.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6059-5_16","volume-title":"Area-wide control of insect pests","author":"TT Torres","year":"2007","unstructured":"Torres TT, Lyra ML, Fresia P, Azeredo-Espin AML. Assessing genetic variation in new world screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax populations from Uruguay. In: Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J, editors. Area-wide control of insect pests. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 183\u201391."},{"key":"6622_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00776.x","volume":"23","author":"ML Lyra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lyra ML, Klaczko LB, Azeredo-Espin AML. Complex patterns of genetic variability in populations of the New World screwworm fly revealed by mitochondrial DNA markers. Med Vet Entomol. 2009;23:32\u201342.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00786.x","volume":"23","author":"TT Torres","year":"2009","unstructured":"Torres TT, Azeredo-Espin AML. Population genetics of New World screwworm from the Caribbean: insights from microsatellite data. Medical Vet Entomology. 2009;23:23\u201331.","journal-title":"Medical Vet Entomology"},{"key":"6622_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10153","volume":"48","author":"P Fresia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fresia P, Lyra ML, Coronado A, De Azeredo-Espin AML. Genetic structure and demographic history of new world screwworm across its current geographic range. Jnl Med Entom. 2011;48:280\u201390.","journal-title":"Jnl Med Entom"},{"key":"6622_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac024","volume":"59","author":"M Tietjen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tietjen M, De Le\u00f3n AAP, Sagel A, Skoda SR, Phillips PL, Mitchell RD, et al. Geographic population genetic structure of the new world screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), using SNPs. J Med Entomol. 2022;59:874\u201382.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00608.x","volume":"4","author":"TT Torres","year":"2004","unstructured":"Torres TT, Brondani RPV, Garcia JE, Azeredo-Espin AML. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the new world screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Mol Ecol Notes. 2004;4:182\u20134.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"6622_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2004.00828.x","volume":"5","author":"J Goudet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goudet J. Hierfstat, a package for R to compute and test hierarchical F-statistics. Mol Ecol Notes. 2005;5:184\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"6622_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.2307\/2410454","volume":"49","author":"M Raymond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Raymond M, Rousset F. An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution. 1995;49:1280\u20133.","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"6622_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01931.x","volume":"8","author":"F Rousset","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rousset F. genepop \u2019007: a complete re-implementation of the genepop software for Windows and Linux. Mol Ecol Resour. 2008;8:103\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"6622_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/90.4.502","volume":"90","author":"S Piry","year":"1999","unstructured":"Piry S, Luikart G, Cornuet JM. Computer note. BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective size using allele frequency data. J Hered. 1999;90:502\u20133.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"6622_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weir BS, Cockerham CC. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution. 1984;38:1358\u201370.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.x"},{"key":"6622_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111627","volume":"86","author":"J Goudet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Goudet J. FSTAT (Version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J Hered. 1995;86:485\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"6622_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2307\/2409177","volume":"43","author":"WR Rice","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rice WR. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution. 1989;43:223.","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"6622_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/145.4.1219","volume":"145","author":"F Rousset","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rousset F. Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance. Genetics. 1997;145:1219\u201328.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"6622_CR55","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2023. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/. Accessed 09 Jan 2024."},{"key":"6622_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esu062","volume":"106","author":"RS Waples","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waples RS. Testing for Hardy-Weinberg proportions: have we lost the plot? J Hered. 2015;106:1\u201319.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"6622_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02483.x","volume":"11","author":"S Wahlund","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahlund S. Zusammensetzung von populationen und korrelationserscheinungen vom standpunkt der vererbungslehre aus betrachtet. Hereditas. 2010;11:65\u2013106.","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"6622_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esv019","volume":"106","author":"LA Zhivotovsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhivotovsky LA. Relationships between Wright\u2019s FST and FIS statistics in a context of Wahlund effect. J Hered. 2015;106:306\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"6622_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.84","volume":"106","author":"G Dharmarajan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dharmarajan G, Beasley JC, Rhodes OE. Heterozygote deficiencies in parasite populations: an evaluation of interrelated hypotheses in the raccoon tick, Ixodes texanus. Heredity. 2011;106:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"6622_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garnier\u2010G\u00e9r\u00e9 P, Chikhi L. Population subdivision, Hardy\u2010Weinberg equilibrium and the Wahlund effect. In: encyclopedia of life sciences. Hoboken: Wiley; 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470015902.a0005446.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0005446.pub3"},{"key":"6622_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esx106","volume":"109","author":"T De Mee\u00fbs","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Mee\u00fbs T, Revisiting FIS. FST, Wahlund effects, and null alleles. J Hered. 2018;109:446\u201356.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"6622_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00779.x","volume":"63","author":"OE Gaggiotti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gaggiotti OE, Bekkevold D, J\u00f8rgensen HBH, Foll M, Carvalho GR, Andre C, et al. Disentangling the effects of evolutionary, demographic, and environmental factors influencing genetic structure of natural populations: Atlantic herring as a case study. Evolution. 2009;63:2939\u201351.","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"6622_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieae010","volume":"24","author":"HA Baqir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baqir HA, Ab Majid AH. Population genetic structure of tropical bed bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) populations and their breeding pattern in Iraq. J Insect Sci. 2024;24:9.","journal-title":"J Insect Sci"},{"key":"6622_CR64","first-page":"855","volume":"47","author":"CC Cockerham","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cockerham CC, Weir BS. Estimation of gene flow from F-statistics. Evolution. 1993;47:855.","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"6622_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/czoolo\/61.5.886","volume":"61","author":"L Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma L, Ji YJ, Zhang DX. Statistical measures of genetic differentiation of populations: rationales, history and current states. Curr Zool. 2015;61:886\u201397.","journal-title":"Curr Zool"},{"key":"6622_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003919","volume":"18","author":"MJ Donnelly","year":"2001","unstructured":"Donnelly MJ, Licht MC, Lehmann T. Evidence for recent population expansion in the evolutionary history of the malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae. Mol Biol Evol. 2001;18:1353\u201364.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"6622_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12673","volume":"23","author":"T Fountain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fountain T, Duvaux L, Horsburgh G, Reinhardt K, Butlin RK. Human-facilitated metapopulation dynamics in an emerging pest species, Cimex lectularius. Mol Ecol. 2014;23:1071\u201384.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2024.199349","volume":"343","author":"HK Walt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Walt HK, King JG, Sheele JM, Meyer F, Pietri JE, Hoffmann FG. Do bed bugs transmit human viruses, or do humans spread bed bugs and their viruses? A worldwide survey of the bed bug RNA virosphere. Virus Res. 2024;343:199349.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"6622_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1996.124","volume":"77","author":"T Lehmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lehmann T, Hawley WA, Kamau L, Fontenille D, Simard F, Collins FH. Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci. Heredity. 1996;77:192\u2013200.","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"6622_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/147.4.1817","volume":"147","author":"NJ Besansky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Besansky NJ, Lehmann T, Fahey GT, Fontenille D, Braack LEO, Hawley WA, et al. Patterns of mitochondrial variation within and between African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis, suggest extensive gene flow. Genetics. 1997;147:1817\u201328.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"6622_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0962-1083.2001.01376.x","volume":"10","author":"M Bonizzoni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bonizzoni M, Zheng L, Guglielmino CR, Haymer DS, Gasperi G, Gomulski LM, et al. Microsatellite analysis of medfly bioinfestations in California. Mol Ecol. 2001;10:2515\u201324.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2004.02105.x","volume":"13","author":"FN Baliraine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baliraine FN, Bonizzoni M, Guglielmino CR, Osir EO, Lux SA, Mulaa FJ, et al. Population genetics of the potentially invasive African fruit fly species, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis fasciventris (Diptera: Tephritidae). Mol Ecol. 2004;13:683\u201395.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2001.01271.x","volume":"10","author":"M Agis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Agis M, Schlotterer C. Microsatellite variation in natural Drosophila melanogaster populations from New South Wales (Australia) and Tasmania. Mol Ecol. 2001;10:1197\u2013205.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2001.01235.x","volume":"10","author":"T Roslin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roslin T. Spatial population structure in a patchily distributed beetle: population structure in Aphodius fossor. Mol Ecol. 2001;10:823\u201337.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-81751985000300001","volume":"3","author":"JP Dear","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dear JP. A revision of the New World Chrysomyini (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Rev Bras Zool. 1985;3:109\u201369.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zool"},{"key":"6622_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/d6040705","volume":"6","author":"M Felius","year":"2014","unstructured":"Felius M, Beerling ML, Buchanan D, Theunissen B, Koolmees P, Lenstra J. On the history of cattle genetic resources. Diversity. 2014;6:705\u201350.","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"6622_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02480.x","volume":"14","author":"AP Hendry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hendry AP, Day T. Population structure attributable to reproductive time: isolation by time and adaptation by time. Mol Ecol. 2005;14:901\u201316.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tpb.2015.11.003","volume":"108","author":"N Duforet-Frebourg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duforet-Frebourg N, Slatkin M. Isolation-by-distance-and-time in a stepping-stone model. Theor Popul Biol. 2016;108:24\u201335.","journal-title":"Theor Popul Biol"},{"key":"6622_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Owings CG, Banerjee A, Picard CJ. Temporal population genetic structure of Phormia regina (Diptera:\nCalliphoridae). J Med Entomol. 2024:61;554-60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjad115.","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad115"},{"key":"6622_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06699","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.06699","volume":"2024","author":"JH Peniston","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peniston JH, Backus GA, Baskett ML, Fletcher RJ, Holt RD. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of temporal variation in dispersal. Ecography. 2024;2024:e06699.","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"6622_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090481","volume":"301","author":"A Dobson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dobson A. Metalife! Science. 2003;301:1488\u201390.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6622_CR82","volume-title":"Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations","author":"IA Hanski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hanski IA, Gaggiotti OE. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations. Saint Louis: Elsevier Science; 2014."},{"key":"6622_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.1.121","volume":"41","author":"PL Phillips","year":"2004","unstructured":"Phillips PL, Welch JB, Kramer M. Seasonal and spatial distributions of adult screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Panama Canal Area, Republic of Panama. J Med Entomol. 2004;41:121\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"6622_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2005)098[0302:MSDPOM]2.0.CO;2","volume":"98","author":"N Israely","year":"2005","unstructured":"Israely N, Ziv Y, Galun R. Metapopulation spatial-temporal distribution patterns of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a patchy environment. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 2005;98:302\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"6622_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986724","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.986724","volume":"13","author":"F Ke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ke F, Li J, Vasseur L, You M, You S. Temporal sampling and network analysis reveal rapid population turnover and dynamic migration pattern in overwintering regions of a cosmopolitan pest. Front Genet. 2022;13:986724.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"6622_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2001.01212.x","volume":"10","author":"KM Ibrahim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ibrahim KM. Plague dynamics and population genetics of the desert locust: can turnover during recession maintain population genetic structure? Mol Ecol. 2001;10:581\u201391.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"6622_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.02.014","volume":"134","author":"BAA Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendon\u00e7a BAA, De Sousa ACB, De Souza AP, Scarpassa VM. Temporal genetic structure of major dengue vector Aedes aegypti from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Acta Tropica. 2014;134:80\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06622-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06622-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06622-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T12:54:03Z","timestamp":1737377643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06622-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06622-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}