{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:41:31Z","timestamp":1787020891851,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Veterinary Vaccinology Network Laboratory Exchange Award; Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan; and the China Scholarship Council; University of Liverpool"},{"name":"International Veterinary Vaccinology Network Laboratory Exchange Award","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"International Veterinary Vaccinology Network Laboratory Exchange Award","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      nematodes are livestock parasites, and\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides papillosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infecting ruminant livestock can cause disease. Recent genomic analysis of several\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      species is now facilitating population genomic analyses of natural\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections, for example finding that\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic>\n                      in wild UK rats exists as an assemblage of long-lived, asexual lineages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here we have initiated an investigation into the population genomics of\n                      <jats:italic>S. papillosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in goats in Pakistan. We sampled\n                      <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      from goat faeces and then whole genome sequenced individual larvae.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We find that\n                      <jats:italic>S. papillosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is common, with a prevalence of 28%; that the population is genetically diverse and\u00a0that individual goats commonly have mixed-genotype infections, and that there is evidence of admixture in only ca. 20% of worms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results now provoke further questions about the host range of different\n                      <jats:italic>S. papillosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes that can be investigated by further population genomic analyses in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06626-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T11:45:05Z","timestamp":1734695105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The genetic diversity of Strongyloides papillosus in Pakistani goats revealed by whole genome sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kiran","family":"Afshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Viney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.21.09.0424","volume":"260","author":"TL Pinn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinn TL, Forrestal AM, Duhamel GE, Crouch EE, Thompson BS, Lejeune M. Strongyloides papillosus causes sudden death in weaned calves on New York dairies. J Am Vet Med Ass. 2022;260:244\u201350.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Ass"},{"key":"6626_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.07.019","volume":"157","author":"AG Eberhardt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eberhardt AG, Mayer WE, Bonfoh B, Streit A. The Strongyloides (Nematoda) of sheep and the predominant Strongyloides of cattle form at least two different, genetically isolated populations. Vet Parasitol. 2008;157:89\u201399.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6626_CR3","first-page":"149","volume":"85","author":"E Brumpt","year":"1921","unstructured":"Brumpt E. Recherches sur le determinisme des sexes et de l \u2018evolution des Anguillules parasites (Strongyloides). Compt Rend S\u00e9ances M\u00e9m Soc Biol Fil. 1921;85:149\u201352.","journal-title":"Compt Rend S\u00e9ances M\u00e9m Soc Biol Fil"},{"key":"6626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.101937","volume":"72","author":"PP Ko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko PP, Sakaguchi K, Yoshida A, Maruyama H, Nonaka N, Nagayasu E. First molecular identification of Strongyloides vituli in cattle in Japan and insights into the evolutionary history of Strongyloides parasites of ruminants. Parasit Int. 2019;72:101937.","journal-title":"Parasit Int"},{"key":"6626_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230004","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0004","volume":"379","author":"R Al-Jawabreh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Jawabreh R, Anderson RM, Atkinson L, Bickford-Smith J, Bradbury R, Breloer M, et al. Strongyloides questions\u2014a research agenda for the future. 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The C. elegans research community, WormBook; 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1895\/wormbook.1.141.2. http:\/\/www.wormbook.org","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.141.2"},{"key":"6626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001116","volume":"144","author":"SM Thamsborg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thamsborg SM, Ketzis J, Horii Y, Matthews JB. Strongyloides spp. infections of veterinary importance. Parasitol. 2017;144:274\u201384.","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"6626_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3495","volume":"48","author":"VL Hunt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hunt VL, Asai IJ, Coghlan A, Reid AJ, Holroyd N, Foth BJ, et al. The genomic basis of parasitism in the Strongyloides clade of nematodes. 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