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Insecticide-based vector control tools, which target the adult\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes, are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance to the most used classes of insecticides is now pervasive across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome it.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we compare the microbiota composition of insecticide-resistant populations of\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>An. coluzzii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from Burkina Faso, and in the latter case additionally from Ethiopia, to insecticide-susceptible populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We show that the microbiota composition between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible populations does not differ in Burkina Faso. This result is supported by data from laboratory colonies originating in Burkina Faso across two countries. In contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiota composition in those dying from and those surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this\n                      <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes in respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that, in addition to changes in the transcriptome, microbiota can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06638-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T07:11:05Z","timestamp":1737357065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Insecticide resistant Anopheles from Ethiopia but not Burkina Faso show a microbiota composition shift upon insecticide exposure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Netsanet","family":"Worku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Hartke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatoumata","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salimata","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madou","family":"Tapsoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Vallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tewodros Debebe","family":"Akilu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligabaw","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa Wamdaogo","family":"Guelbeogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Ingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6638_CR1","volume-title":"World Malaria report","author":"WHO Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"WHO Organization. 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