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Increased metabolic rates can result in faster depletion of energetic resources, and decreases may allow for energy conservation. <jats:italic>Babesia bovis<\/jats:italic> is a protozoan pathogen transmitted by the cattle fever tick, <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus microplus<\/jats:italic>. Adult female ticks acquire <jats:italic>B. bovis<\/jats:italic> by feeding on an infected animal. <jats:italic>Babesia bovis<\/jats:italic> undergoes development and invades the ovaries where it is transmitted transovarially to tick offspring. The effects of infection on <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic> metabolic rate are not well studied.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We tested the hypothesis that <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic> infected with <jats:italic>B. bovis<\/jats:italic> would have altered metabolic rates (volume of carbon dioxide [VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>]) across life stages using flow-through respirometry. Replete females from either an infected or na\u00efve calf were measured across 3\u00a0days to determine differences in VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Hemolymph smears were used to categorize the number of <jats:italic>B. bovis<\/jats:italic> kinetes present in the hemolymph of replete females during egg oviposition. The VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for groups of their offspring were measured twice as eggs and once as larvae. The number of individuals and successfully hatched larvae in each group were enumerated at the end of the experiment to determine the average VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> per individual.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Infected replete females have decreased VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> while their offspring have increased VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at the egg and larval stages. Interestingly, replete females had a 25% reduction in body mass compared to uninfected female tick controls. Uninfected larvae were twice as likely to hatch than larvae from infected replete female ticks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> varied between control and infected ticks depending on life stage. Infected replete females had lower VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and body mass while their offspring had higher VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> than their control counterparts. Higher larval VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may promote earlier questing and a shorter lifespan. Changes in metabolic and hatch rates have implications that may promote disease spread.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06645-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T12:17:46Z","timestamp":1740831466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Infection with Babesia bovis alters metabolic rates of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks across life stages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kayla N.","family":"Earls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Poh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massaro","family":"Ueti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennan","family":"Oyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6645_CR1","unstructured":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 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