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Two <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis<\/jats:italic> populations, S8 and S10, were isolated from agricultural soils in the United States of America. Molecular analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, showed that these populations are conspecific and represent a novel species of the \u201c<jats:italic>Bacteriophora<\/jats:italic>\u201d clade. This species was named <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. and is described in this study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To describe <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp., we carried out phylogenetic reconstructions using multiple genes, characterized their morphology, conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments, and isolated and identified their symbiotic bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. is molecularly and morphologically similar to <jats:italic>H. georgiana<\/jats:italic>. Morphological differences between the males of <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. and <jats:italic>H. georgiana<\/jats:italic> include variations in the excretory pore position, the gubernaculum size, the gubernaculum-to-spicule length ratio, the tail length, and the body diameter. Infective juveniles (IJs) of <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. differ from <jats:italic>H. georgiana<\/jats:italic> IJs because <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. IJs have an invisible bacterial cell pouch posterior to the cardia and a small posterior phasmid, whereas <jats:italic>H. georgiana<\/jats:italic> IJs have a visible bacterial cell pouch and an inconspicuous phasmid. Hermaphrodites of <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. and <jats:italic>H. georgiana<\/jats:italic> are differentiated by the body length, the nerve ring distance from the anterior end, the excretory pore distance from the anterior end, the anal body diameter, and the c\u2032 ratio. Females of <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. can be differentiated from <jats:italic>H. georgiana<\/jats:italic> females by the anal body diameter and the c\u2032 ratio. Reproductive isolation was confirmed, as <jats:italic>H. americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. does not produce viable offspring with any of the species of the \u201c<jats:italic>Bacteriophora<\/jats:italic>\u201d clade. <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. is associated with the symbiotic bacterium <jats:italic>Photorhabdus kleinii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Based on the observed morphological and morphometric differences, the distinct phylogenetic placement, and the reproductive isolation, the nematode isolates S8 and S10 represent a novel species, which we named <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis americana<\/jats:italic> n. sp. This study provides a detailed characterization of this novel species, contributing to enhancing our knowledge of species diversity and evolutionary relationships of the <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis<\/jats:italic> genus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06702-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T15:08:45Z","timestamp":1741705725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Description of Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. (Rhabditida, Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species isolated in North America"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ricardo A. 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