{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:13:06Z","timestamp":1791389586888,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 \u201cNational Laboratory for Health Security\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 \u201cNational Laboratory for Health Security\u201d"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 \u201cNational Laboratory for Health Security\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 \u201cNational Laboratory for Health Security\u201d"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009594","name":"University of P\u00e9cs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mosquito-borne pathogens represent a growing challenge driven by environmental changes and the spread of invasive <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes. Among pathogens endemic in Europe, <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic> nematodes are of particular concern due to the increasing number of human infections. To understand their zoonotic potential, we aimed to assess the prevalence of filarioid nematodes in mosquitoes and reveal the potential vector species, considering their feeding behavior.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mosquitoes were collected from urban\/suburban environments (P\u00e9cs, Hungary) in 2022\u20132023 and tested for the presence of filarioid nematodes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Estimated infection rates with 95% CI were calculated, and descriptive statistics were applied.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 1015 tested mosquito pools (belonging to 21 species), 30 were positive for filarioid nematodes, including <jats:italic>D.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>D.\u00a0immitis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Setaria tundra<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Setaria labiatopapillosa<\/jats:italic>, with the highest prevalence and widest distribution of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0tundra<\/jats:italic>. We revealed hotspots in the city where multiple filarioid species occurred. The presence of <jats:italic>D.\u00a0repens<\/jats:italic>, relevant for humans, was confirmed in urban and suburban areas and near human infection cases. Among mosquitoes, <jats:italic>Aedes vexans<\/jats:italic> showed the highest positivity, harboring all identified parasites, while invasive <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aedes koreicus<\/jats:italic> showed minimal\/no infections. Moreover, we identified <jats:italic>S.\u00a0labiatopapillosa<\/jats:italic> in urban areas in Hungary for the first time.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings highlight the potential role of <jats:italic>Ae.\u00a0vexans<\/jats:italic> in transmission dynamics, while no evidence was found for the contribution of invasive mosquitoes, likely due to local environmental and behavioral factors. Our results emphasize the need for targeted vector monitoring and research to understand mosquito-borne parasites\u2019 epidemiology and public health implications, particularly in regions affected by invasive mosquitoes. <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T18:54:56Z","timestamp":1751914496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigating the impact of endemic mosquitoes and invasive Aedes species on the circulation of Dirofilaria nematodes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zsaklin","family":"Varga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeka","family":"Csiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gota","family":"\u00c1brah\u00e1m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorina","family":"P\u00e1sztor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csongor","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Kemenesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korn\u00e9lia","family":"Kurucz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106832","volume":"239","author":"G Giunti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giunti G, Becker N, Benelli G. Invasive mosquito vectors in Europe: from bioecology to surveillance and management. Acta Trop. 2023;239:106832.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"6901_CR2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Aedes invasive mosquitoes - current known distribution: July 2024. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/aedes-invasive-mosquitoes-current-known-distribution-july-2024 Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"6901_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12189","volume":"19","author":"F Schaffner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schaffner F, Medlock JM, Van Bortel W. Public health significance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:685\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"6901_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2023.101205","volume":"56","author":"J Brem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brem J, Elankeswaran B, Erne D, Hedrich N, Lovey T, Marzetta V, et al. Dengue \u201chomegrown\u201d in Europe (2022 to 2023). New Microbes New Infect. 2024;56:101205.","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"6901_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.10.011","volume":"118","author":"G Cancrini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cancrini G, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Ricci I, Tessarin C, Gabrielli S, Pietrobelli M. Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy. Vet Parasitol. 2003;118:195\u2013202.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"6901_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.931994","volume":"13","author":"S Ganassi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ganassi S, De Cristofaro A, Di Criscio D, Petrarca S, Leopardi C, Guarnieri A, et al.. The new invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus as vector-borne diseases in the European area, a focus on Italian region: what we know from the scientific literature. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:931994.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"6901_CR7","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Aedes albopictus - current known distribution: July 2024. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/aedes-albopictus-current-known-distribution-july-2024 Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"6901_CR8","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Aedes japonicus - current known distribution: October 2023. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/aedes-japonicus-current-known-distribution-october-2023 Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"6901_CR9","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Aedes koreicus - current known distribution: August 2023. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/aedes-koreicus-current-known-distribution-august-2023 Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"6901_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1645-8","volume":"9","author":"B Seidel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seidel B, Nowotny N, Bakonyi T, Allerberger F, Schaffner F. Spread of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Austria, 2011\u20132015, and first records of the subspecies for Hungary, 2012, and the principality of Liechtenstein, 2015. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:356.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5229-5","volume":"115","author":"K Kurucz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurucz K, Kiss V, Zana B, Schmieder V, Kepner A, Jakab F, et al. Emergence of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban area, Hungary, 2016. Parasitol Res. 2016;115:4687\u20139.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"6901_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuehrer HP, Morelli S, Unterk\u00f6fler MS, Bajer A, Bakran-Lebl K, Dwu\u017cnik-Szarek D, et al. Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in central and Northern Europe. Pathogens. 2021;10:1268.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101268"},{"key":"6901_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01099.x","volume":"38","author":"S Pampiglione","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pampiglione S, Rivasi F, Angeli G, Boldorini R, Incensati RM, Pastormerlo M, et al. Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Italy, an emergent zoonosis: report of 60 new cases. Histopathology. 2001;38:344\u201354.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"6901_CR14","first-page":"206","volume":"99","author":"CS N\u00e9meth","year":"2023","unstructured":"N\u00e9meth CS, N\u00e9meth V, Horv\u00e1th S, Hanyecz A, Palkovics T, Lengyel Z. Emerging zoonosis with subcutan nodule: Dirofilaria repens infection. Hung J Dermatol Venereol. 2023;99:206\u201310.","journal-title":"Hung J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"6901_CR15","first-page":"2","volume":"21","author":"I Kucsera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kucsera I, Danka J, Fok \u00c9. The public health and animal health significance of dirofilariasis in Hungary - Latest knowledge on dirofilariasis. Microbiol Circular. 2021;21:2.","journal-title":"Microbiol Circular"},{"key":"6901_CR16","first-page":"421","volume":"99","author":"CS N\u00e9meth","year":"2023","unstructured":"N\u00e9meth CS, N\u00e9meth V, Horv\u00e1th SZ, Gy\u00f6m\u00f6rei CS, Palkovics T, Lengyel ZS. Cutaneous infections caused by Dirofilaria repens. Hung J Dermatol Venereol. 2023;99:421\u201350.","journal-title":"Hung J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"6901_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-024-01507-z","volume":"19","author":"L Kuthi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuthi L, Zombori T, Tiszlavicz L, Heged\u0171s F, Alm\u00e1si S, Bar\u00e1th B, et al. Emerging human pulmonary dirofilariasis in Hungary: a single center experience. Diagn Pathol. 2024;19:85.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"6901_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012245","volume":"19","author":"JS Griep","year":"2025","unstructured":"Griep JS, Grant E, Pilgrim J, Riabinina O, Baylis M, Wardeh M, et al. Meta-analyses of Culex blood-meals indicates strong regional effect on feeding patterns. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19:e0012245.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"6901_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11623-1","volume-title":"Mosquitoes","author":"N Becker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker N, Petri\u0107 D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Madon MB, Dahl C, et al. Mosquitoes. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020."},{"key":"6901_CR20","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Guidelines for the surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Stockholm; 2012. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/guidelines-surveillance-invasive-mosquitoes-europe Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"6901_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.2.0750251","volume":"75","author":"C Bahnck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bahnck C, Fonseca D. Rapid assay to identify the two genetic forms of Culex (Culex) pipiens L. (Diptera\u202f: Culicidae) and hybrid populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:251\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"6901_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-14","volume":"5","author":"C Czajka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Czajka C, Becker N, Poppert S, J\u00f6st H, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Kr\u00fcger A. Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:14.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007149","volume":"122","author":"M Casiraghi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casiraghi M, Anderson TJC, Bandi C, Bazzocchi C, Genchi C. A phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts. Parasitology. 2001;122:93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"6901_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1597-z","volume":"9","author":"J B\u00f6rstler","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00f6rstler J, J\u00f6st H, Garms R, Kr\u00fcger A, Tannich E, Becker N, et al. Host-feeding patterns of mosquito species in Germany. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:318.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR25","first-page":"3","volume":"36","author":"K Kurucz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kurucz K, Kepner A, Krtinic B, Hederics D, Foldes F, Zana B, et al. Blood-meal analysis and avian malaria screening of mosquitoes collected from human-inhabited areas in Hungary and Serbia. JEMCA. 2018;36:3\u201313.","journal-title":"JEMCA"},{"key":"6901_CR26","unstructured":"Sergeant ESG. Epitools epidemiological calculators. Ausvet. 2018. http:\/\/epitools.ausvet.com.au Accessed 20 Oct 2024."},{"key":"6901_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo-Barriga D, Parreira R, Almeida APG, Calado M, Blanco-Ciudad J, Serrano-Aguilera FJ, et al. Culex pipiens as a potential vector for transmission of Dirofilaria immitis and other unclassified Filarioidea in Southwest Spain. Vet Parasitol. 2016;223:173\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.04.030"},{"key":"6901_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bockov\u00e1 E, Rudolf I, Ko\u010di\u0161ov\u00e1 A, Bet\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1 L, Vencl\u00edkov\u00e1 K, Mendel J, Hub\u00e1lek Z. Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Slovakia. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:3465\u201370.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3526-9"},{"key":"6901_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ionic\u0103 AM, Zittra C, Wimmer V, Leitner N, Vot\u00fdpka J, Modr\u00fd D, et al. Mosquitoes in the Danube Delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:324.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2264-8"},{"key":"6901_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latrofa MS, Montarsi F, Ciocchetta S, Annoscia G, Dantas-Torres F, Ravagnan S, et al. Molecular xenomonitoring of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in mosquitoes from north-eastern Italy by real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:76.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-76"},{"key":"6901_CR31","first-page":"30","volume":"30","author":"S T\u00f3th","year":"2012","unstructured":"T\u00f3th S, Kenyeres Z. Revised checklist and distribution maps of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Hungary. Euro Mosquito Bull. 2012;30:30\u201365.","journal-title":"Euro Mosquito Bull"},{"key":"6901_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogels CBF, Fros JJ, G\u00f6ertz GP, Pijlman GP, Koenraadt CJM. Vector competence of northern European Culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids for West Nile virus is differentially affected by temperature. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:393.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1677-0"},{"key":"6901_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.01.062","volume":"32","author":"Y Haba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haba Y, Mcbride L. Origin and status of Culex pipiens mosquito ecotypes. Curr Biol. 2022;32:R237\u201346.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"6901_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.52707\/1081-1710-49.1.114","volume":"49","author":"K K\u00f6chling","year":"2024","unstructured":"K\u00f6chling K, Schaub GA, Sch\u00e4fer M, Werner D, Kampen H. Host preference of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in Germany. J Vector Ecol. 2024;49:114\u201325.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"6901_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-93","volume":"6","author":"B Gomes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomes B, Sousa CA, Vicente JL, Pinho L, Calder\u00f3n I, Arez E, et al. Feeding patterns of molestus and pipiens forms of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in a region of high hybridization. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:93.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O34","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-S1-O34","volume":"7","author":"F Montarsi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Montarsi F, Ciocchetta S, Ravagnan S, Simonato G, Mutinelli F, Camuffo S, et al. Laboratory evidence on vector competence of the invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus [Hulecoeteomyia koreica] for Dirofilaria immitis. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:O34.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6066-5","volume":"117","author":"K Kurucz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kurucz K, Kiss V, Zana B, Jakab F, Kemenesi G. Filarial nematode (order: Spirurida) surveillance in urban habitats, in the city of P\u00e9cs (Hungary). Parasitol Res. 2018;117:3355\u201360.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"6901_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2003.00463.x","volume":"17","author":"G Cancrini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cancrini G, Romi R, Gabrielli S, Toma L, Paolo DI. First finding of Dirofilaria repens in a natural population of Aedes albopictus. Med Vet Entomol. 2003;17:448\u201351.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"6901_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3206-1","volume":"112","author":"A Giangaspero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giangaspero A, Marangi M, Latrofa MS, Martinelli D, Traversa D, Otranto D, et al. Evidences of increasing risk of dirofilarioses in southern Italy. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:1357\u201361.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"6901_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19734-z","volume":"12","author":"F Montarsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Montarsi F, Rosso F, Arnoldi D, Ravagnan S, Marini G, Delucchi L, et al. First report of the blood-feeding pattern in Aedes koreicus, a new invasive species in Europe. Sci Rep. 2022;12:15751.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6901_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06490-4","volume":"17","author":"LZ Garamszegi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garamszegi LZ. Host diversity of Aedes albopictus in relation to invasion history: a meta-analysis of blood-feeding studies. Parasit Vectors. 2024;17:411.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2980-8","volume":"11","author":"A Tomazatos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tomazatos A, Cadar D, T\u00f6r\u00f6k E, Maranda I, Horv\u00e1th C, Keresztes L, et al. Circulation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:392.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6901_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"67","author":"O Grzegorz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grzegorz O, Julita N, Renata WF. Setaria tundra, what do we know, what is still to be discovered? Ann Parasitol. 2021;67:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"6901_CR44","first-page":"203","volume":"58","author":"D Panaitescu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Panaitescu D, Preda A, Bain O, Vasile-Bugarin AC. Four cases of human filariosis due to Setaria labiatopapillosa found in Bucharest. Romania Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol. 1999;58:203\u20137.","journal-title":"Romania Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"6901_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2019-0015","volume":"56","author":"J \u010curl\u00edk","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u010curl\u00edk J, Konjevi\u0107 D, Bujani\u0107 M, Sabol \u017d, Martinkovi\u0107 F, Sindi\u010di\u0107 M. The first description of Setaria tundra (Issaitshikoff & Rajewskaya, 1928) in roe deer from Croatia. Helminthologia. 2019;56:252\u20135.","journal-title":"Helminthologia"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T18:54:59Z","timestamp":1751914499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors consent to the publication of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"266"}}