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Schistosomiasis\u2014both urogenital and intestinal\u2014causes significant human suffering, affecting approximately 240 million people globally and grouped within the neglected tropical disease (NTD) umbrella. This study addresses the following questions: 1. Where are the most suitable habitats for intermediate host snails in the Lower Shire Valley (LSV) in Malawi? 2. Which environmental factors are strongly associated with the geographical distribution of such snails in the LSV?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This paper presents the first species distribution models (SDMs) for intermediate snail hosts for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis in Chikwawa and Nsanje Districts, which together form the LSV). The SDMs developed for this study are ensemble machine learning approaches based on Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) and are specific to the\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus africanus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group and\n                      <jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The former transmits urogenital schistosomiasis (\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), while the latter transmits intestinal schistosomiasis (\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SDMs reveal the following: 1) currently,\n                      <jats:italic>Bu. africanus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group not only has a wide distribution across central Chikwawa and eastern Nsanje but is also concentrated in floodplains, and the LSV has few habitats that can support\n                      <jats:italic>Bi. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and 2) vegetation cover is the most important predictor of\n                      <jats:italic>Bu. africanus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group distribution, whereas precipitation variables are most important for\n                      <jats:italic>Bi. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the LSV. Thus,\n                      <jats:italic>Bu. africanus<\/jats:italic>\n                      group habitat is the most dominant and abundant, while\n                      <jats:italic>Bi. pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      suitable habitat is patchy and scarce.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distribution of suitable habitats for potential urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis transmission across LSV is not uniform and typically non-overlapping. Understanding the spatial and temporal distributions of these snails is important for controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06952-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T06:00:14Z","timestamp":1756447214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predicting current habitat suitability for intermediate snail hosts of urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis in the Lower Shire Valley floodplain of southern Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Clinton","family":"Nkolokosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chirombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rex B.","family":"Mbewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eggrey Aisha","family":"Kambewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Makaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie-Anne Akiko","family":"Tangena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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