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Insecticide use remains the primary method for outbreak control, but prolonged application exerts selective pressure that promotes resistance. This study aimed to assess insecticide resistance and characterize key knockdown resistance (\n                      <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) mutations in\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations from the Central District of Honduras.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Larvae were collected from four localities between May and June 2023. Susceptibility to four insecticides was evaluated via bioassays. Frequencies of the F1534C and V1016I\n                      <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleles and their haplotypes were determined, and sequencing of the\n                      <jats:italic>vgsc<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene was performed for further genotyping.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1592\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      females were phenotyped. All populations were resistant to permethrin and malathion, and two were resistant to deltamethrin; all were susceptible to bendiocarb. The 1534C mutant allele was fixed (1.0), and 1016I had an overall frequency of 0.89, with local variation from 0.48 to 1.0.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Widespread resistance to commonly used insecticides was detected in\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      from the Central District. High frequencies of\n                      <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations underscore the need for continuous resistance monitoring to guide effective vector control strategies in Honduras.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06953-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T20:53:14Z","timestamp":1754081594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Insecticide resistance status and high frequency of kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti in Tegucigalpa, Honduras"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cindy","family":"Reyes-Perdomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Galo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Urrutia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Lucrecia","family":"Vizcaino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Lenhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Fontecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6953_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08347","volume":"4","author":"MUG Kraemer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kraemer MUG, Sinka ME, Duda KA, Mylne AQN, Shearer FM, Barker CM, et\u00a0al. 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