{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:27:34Z","timestamp":1781173654866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012752","name":"Elanco Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Roundworms such as <jats:italic>Toxascaris leonina<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic> are routinely diagnosed in dogs globally, especially in dogs 6\u00a0months of age or younger. <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic> is zoonotic, can cause significant disease in dogs, and is the causative agent of toxocariasis in humans. To protect both animal and human health, it is imperative that <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic>\u00a0infections are effectively treated and controlled to minimize the risk of transmission. The following studies were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of a novel, combination chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>) containing the minimum effective dosages of lotilaner (20.0\u00a0mg\/kg), moxidectin (0.02\u00a0mg\/kg), praziquantel (5.0\u00a0mg\/kg), and pyrantel (5.0\u00a0mg\/kg) for the treatment and control of <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. leonina<\/jats:italic> infections in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Six well-controlled studies were performed. Two studies each evaluated Credelio Quattro against immature adult <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>, adult <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>, and adult <jats:italic>T. leonina<\/jats:italic> infections. Post-treatment efficacy was calculated from necropsy worm counts, and fecal egg count reduction was determined 10\u00a0days post-treatment in studies evaluating experimentally induced or naturally acquired adult infections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Credelio Quattro was safe and \u2265\u200997.9% effective against immature adult stages and \u2265\u200997.0% effective against adult stages of induced and natural <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic> infections in dogs. After treatment with Credelio Quattro, fecal egg counts were reduced by \u2265\u200998.8% in <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>-infected dogs. In both experimentally induced and naturally acquired adult <jats:italic>T. leonina<\/jats:italic> infections in dogs, Credelio Quattro was safe and 100% effective in eliminating adult worms and provided 100% reduction in fecal egg counts post-treatment. The most common adverse events reported included digestive tract disorders such as diarrhea, mucus and\/or blood in feces, vomiting, and expelled ascarid worms, which occurred in both control- and treated-groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These laboratory studies confirm the effectiveness and safety of a single dose of Credelio Quattro, administered at the minimum dosages of 20\u00a0mg\/kg lotilaner, 0.02\u00a0mg\/kg moxidectin, 5\u00a0mg\/kg praziquantel, and 5\u00a0mg\/kg pyrantel, for the treatment and control of immature adult and adult <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic> and adult <jats:italic>T. leonina<\/jats:italic> in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06968-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T09:14:34Z","timestamp":1755681274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro\u2122) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel against Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Charles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Wiseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly D.","family":"Savadelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig R.","family":"Reinemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Bouzaidi Cheikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Rautenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"6968_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060503","author":"A Rostami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rostami A, Riahi SM, Fallah Omrani V, Wang T, Hofmann A, Mirzapour A, et\u00a0al. Global prevalence estimates of Toxascaris leonina infection in dogs and cats. Pathogens. 2020;23:503.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens9060503.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"6968_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04147-6","volume":"13","author":"K Stafford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stafford K, Kollasch TM, Duncan KT, Horr S, Goddu T, Heinz-Loomer C, et\u00a0al. Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04147-6.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"6968_CR3","volume-title":"Toxocara and Toxocariasis","author":"DD Bowman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowman DD. Toxocara and Toxocariasis, vol. 109. Academic Press; 2020."},{"key":"6968_CR4","unstructured":"Blagburn BL. National parasite prevalence survey: an interim report. 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C.R.R., I.B.C., and C.R. were contracted to participate in the studies.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"356"}}