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In addition, <jats:italic>Ny.\u00a0umbratilis<\/jats:italic> is a cryptic species, with populations showing differences in their ability to transmit the parasite. For instance, populations of <jats:italic>Ny.\u00a0umbratilis<\/jats:italic> from the Manacapuru municipality (MAN), located on the south bank of the Negro river, in the Amazonas stated of Brazil, shows refractoriness to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection, while populations from Rio Preto da Eva municipality (RPE), located on the north bank of the Negro river, are susceptible to infection. This lack of vectorial capacity may be caused by several factors, including the intestinal bacterial microbiota of sand\u00a0flies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this work, we carried out a metagenomic study of the intestinal microbiota of <jats:italic>Ny.\u00a0umbratilis<\/jats:italic> populations from MAN and RPE. <jats:italic>Ny.\u00a0umbratilis<\/jats:italic> females were collected in forested areas, sand\u00a0fly midguts were dissected, DNA was extracted, and the 16\u00a0S rRNA gene sequenced to identify the bacterial composition of the microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total, 16 phyla, 33 classes, 49 orders, 93 families, and 112 genera of bacteria were identified. The phylum Proteobacteria was the most frequent (85.9%) in both localities, followed by the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes with, 9.9%, 4.9%, and 4.4%, respectively. In MAN, 84 genera were identified and 79 in RPE, with MAN having a greater richness compared with RPE. Among these, the genera <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Caulobacter<\/jats:italic> were the most prevalent in MAN, and the genera <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cryocola<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Caulobacter<\/jats:italic> were the most prevalent in RPE.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bacterial microbiota from MAN insects presents a greater diversity in relation to the RPE insects. Some of the identified bacteria have the potential to be used in alternative transmission control approaches as the development of transgenic vectors, and also, bacteria found exclusively in MAN sand\u00a0flies may be candidates for a future transmission control approach to combat leishmaniasis in the Amazon region.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06976-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T13:15:27Z","timestamp":1755609327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of bacterial microbiota variability in two allopatric populations of Nyssomyia umbratilis, susceptible and nonsusceptible to Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis infection in the Amazon region"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eric Fabr\u00edcio","family":"Marialva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keillen Monick","family":"Martins-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ramos de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Mar\u00eda","family":"R\u00edos-Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Jorge","family":"Tempone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Arley Costa","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara Maria","family":"Traub-Cseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"6976_CR1","unstructured":"Word Health Organization. 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