{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:19:59Z","timestamp":1793333999161,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/47\/B\/NZ6\/01610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/47\/B\/NZ6\/01610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. ticks play a crucial role as vectors for the Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. larvae and nymphs are transported via migratory birds to temperate regions of Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and Mediterranean areas. Recently, the emergence of adult ticks has been documented in numerous countries where they were previously not reported. This study aimed to monitor the potential occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. ticks in Poland using a citizen science project.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A dedicated website was created through which volunteers could submit photos of unusual ticks. Between April and November 2024, more than 500 online submissions containing tick photos were received, 11 of which were identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. ticks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In addition, we received 65 parcels containing ticks, including four\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. ticks (of 11 online submissions). Amplification and sequencing of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (\n                      <jats:italic>cox 1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was successfully performed for all received specimens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. ticks were recorded in different regions of Poland, and most records were from the Greater Poland and Silesia regions, in Western and Southwestern Poland, respectively. Two of the identified specimens were morphologically and molecularly characterized as\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma rufipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while another two were identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma marginatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The citizen science project enabled the confirmation of occurrence of adult\n                      <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. ticks in Poland, identifying a new hazard for human and animal health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07022-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T15:45:11Z","timestamp":1758728711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The first finding of Hyalomma rufipes in Poland in 2024: the promising start of a citizen science project"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Romanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Dwu\u017cnik-Szarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmara","family":"W\u0119\u017cyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Ma\u0142aszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alsarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna W.","family":"Myczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7022_CR1","first-page":"D2929","volume":"167","author":"AB Goorhuis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goorhuis AB, de Mast Q, Hovius JW, van Nood E. New infectious diseases in Europe; the effect of climate change, globalisation and human behaviour. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2023;167:D2929.","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"7022_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0326-1","volume":"16","author":"M Baylis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baylis M. Potential impact of climate change on emerging vector-borne and other infections in the UK. Environ Health. 2017;16:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-017-0326-1.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"7022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-007-9113-y","volume":"43","author":"H Kampen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kampen H, Poltz W, Hartelt K, Wolfel R, Faude M. Detection of a questing Hyalomma marginatum marginatum adult female (Acari, Ixodidae) in southern Germany. Exp Appl Acarol. 2007;43:227\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-007-9113-y.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-052720-094533","volume":"66","author":"L Gilbert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilbert L. The impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne disease risk. Annu Rev Entomol. 2021;66:373\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-ento-052720-094533.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"7022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06175-y","volume":"17","author":"L Chitimia-Dobler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chitimia-Dobler L, Springer A, Lang D, Lindau A, Fachet K, Dobler G,\u00a0AM Nijhof, Strube C and Mackenstedt U et al.\u00a0 Molting incidents of Hyalomma spp. carrying human pathogens in Germany under different weather conditions. Parasit Vectors. 2024;17:70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06175-y.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.020","volume":"36","author":"H Leblebicioglu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leblebicioglu H. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Eurasia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;36:S43\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.020.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"7022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010846","volume":"16","author":"SI Bonnet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonnet SI, Vourc\u2019h G, Raffetin A, Falchi A, Figoni J, Fite J, Hoch T, Moutailler S, Quillery E et al. The control of Hyalomma ticks, vectors of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: where are we now and where are we going? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010846.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938601","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.938601","volume":"9","author":"N Perveen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perveen N, Khan G. Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:938601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.938601.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"7022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.41.010196.001041","volume":"41","author":"JSH Klompen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Klompen JSH, Black WC, Keirans JE, Oliver JH. Evolution of ticks. Annu Rev Entomol. 1996;41:141\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.en.41.010196.001041.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"7022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101894","volume":"13","author":"PM Lesiczka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lesiczka PM, Dan\u011bk O, Modr\u00fd D, Hrazdilov\u00e1 K, Vot\u00fdpka J, Zurek L et al. A new report of adult Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma rufipes in the Czech Republic. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022;13:101894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101894.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3380-4","volume":"12","author":"L Chitimia-Dobler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chitimia-Dobler L, Schaper S, Rie\u00df R, Bitterwolf K, Frangoulidis D, Bestehorn M, Springer A, Oehme R, Drehmann M,\u00a0Lindau A,\u00a0Mackenstedt U,\u00a0Strube C,\u00a0Dobler G et al. Imported Hyalomma ticks in Germany in 2018. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12:199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3380-4.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7022_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.08.008","volume":"7","author":"L Chitimia-Dobler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chitimia-Dobler L, Nava S, Bestehorn M, Dobler G, Wolfel S. First detection of Hyalomma rufipes in Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2016;7:1135\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.08.008.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2240","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14563","volume":"69","author":"G F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri","year":"2022","unstructured":"F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri G, Szab\u00f3 \u00c9, T\u00f3th GE, Lanszki Z, Zana B, Varga Z, Kemenesi 2 et al. Emergence of Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma rufipes adults revealed by citizen science tick monitoring in Hungary. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022;69:e2240\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbed.14563.","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12204","volume":"41","author":"ME England","year":"2016","unstructured":"England ME, Phipps P, Medlock JM, Atkinson PM, Atkinson B, Hewson R, Gale P et al. Hyalomma ticks on northward migrating birds in southern Spain: implications for the risk of entry of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to Great Britain. J Vector Ecol. 2016;41:128\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvec.12204.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"7022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00573-4","volume":"119","author":"L Toma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toma L, Mancuso E, D\u2019Alessio SG, Menegon M, Spina F, Pascucci I, Monaco F, Goffredo M, Di Luca M et al. Tick species from Africa by migratory birds: a 3-year study in Italy. Parasitol Res. 2020;119:3963\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-020-00573-4.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7022_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.03.002","volume":"5","author":"M Capek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Capek M, Literak I, Kocianova E, Sychra O, Najer T, Trnka A, Kverek P et al. Ticks of the Hyalomma marginatum complex transported by migratory birds into Central Europe. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2014;5:489\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.03.002.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1458","volume":"14","author":"L Toma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toma L, Mancini F, Di Luca M, Cecere JG, Bianchi R, Khoury C, Quarchioni E, Manzia F,\u00a0Rezza G,\u00a0Ciervo A et al. Detection of microbial agents in ticks collected from migratory birds in central Italy. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;14:199\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2013.1458.","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.08.028","volume":"213","author":"O Sparagano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sparagano O, George D, Giangaspero A, \u0160pitalsk\u00e1 E. Arthropods and associated arthropod-borne diseases transmitted by migrating birds. The case of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Vet Parasitol. 2015;213:61\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.08.028.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7022_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2146.1","volume":"95","author":"G Hasle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hasle G, Bjune G, Edvardsen E, Jakobsen C, Linnehol B, Roer JE, Mehl R,\u00a0R\u00f8ed KH,\u00a0Pedersen\u00a0J,\u00a0Leinaas HP et al. Transport of ticks by migratory passerine birds to Norway. J Parasitol. 2009;95:1342\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/GE-2146.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.12.002","volume":"3","author":"LJ Jameson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jameson LJ, Morgan PJ, Medlock JM, Watola G, Vaux AG. Importation of Hyalomma marginatum, vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, into the United Kingdom by migratory birds. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012;3:95\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.12.002.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133250","author":"L Labbe Sandelin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Labbe Sandelin L, Tolf C, Larsson S, Wilhelmsson P, Salaneck E, Jaenson TG, Lindgren PE, Olsen B,\u00a0Waldenstr\u00f6m J et al. Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in ticks from migrating birds in Sweden. PLoS ONE. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0133250.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7022_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04738-x","volume":"14","author":"M Uiterwijk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uiterwijk M, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Justicia A, van de Vossenberg B, Jacobs F, Overgaauw P, Nijsse R, Dabekaussen C, Stroo A, Sprong H et al. Imported Hyalomma ticks in the Netherlands 2018\u20132020. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04738-x.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17058","volume":"32","author":"A Maitre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maitre A, Wu-Chuang A, Mateos-Hern\u00e1ndez L, Piloto-Sardi\u00f1as E, Foucault-Simonin A, Cicculli V, Moutailler S,\u00a0Paoli JC, Falchi A,\u00a0Obreg\u00f3n D,\u00a0Cabezas-Cruz A et al. Rickettsial pathogens drive microbiota assembly in Hyalomma marginatum and Rhipicephalus bursa ticks. Mol Ecol. 2023;32:5096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.17058.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"7022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2024.100213","volume":"4","author":"C Joly-Kukla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joly-Kukla C, Stachurski F, Duhayon M, Galon C, Moutailler S, Pollet T et al. Temporal dynamics of the Hyalomma marginatum-borne pathogens in southern France. Curr Res Parasitol Vector-Borne Dis. 2024;4:100213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2024.100213.","journal-title":"Curr Res Parasitol Vector-Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00871-9","volume":"21","author":"DW Hawman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hawman DW, Feldmann H. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21:463\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-023-00871-9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"7022_CR26","volume-title":"The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae: ticks of the world and their hosts","author":"A Guglielmone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guglielmone A, Robbins R, Apanaskevich D, Petney T, Estrada-Pena A, Horak I,  Shao RF,\u00a0Barker SC et al. The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae: ticks of the world and their hosts. Berlin: Springer; 2010."},{"key":"7022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00038","volume":"5","author":"K Sherifi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sherifi K, Rexhepi A, Berxholi K, Mehmedi B, Gecaj RM, Hoxha Z, Joachim A, Duscher GG et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from Kosovo and Albania. Front Vet Sci. 2018;5:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2018.00038.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"7022_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615162","volume":"377","author":"A Negredo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Negredo A, De La Calle-Prieto F, Palencia-Herrej\u00f3n E, Mora-Rillo M, Astray-Mochales J, S\u00e1nchez-Seco MP et al. Autochthonous Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Spain. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:154\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1615162.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7022_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091761","volume":"10","author":"GG Duscher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duscher GG, Kienberger S, Haslinger K, Holzer B, Zimpernik I, Fuchs R, Schwarz M,\u00a0Hufnagl P,\u00a0Schiefer P,\u00a0Schmoll F et al. Hyalomma spp. in Austria\u2014the tick, the climate, the diseases and the risk for humans and animals. Microorganisms. 2022;10:1761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10091761.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"7022_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800595","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.48.1800595","volume":"23","author":"GG Duscher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duscher GG, Hod\u017ei\u0107 A, Hufnagl P, Wille-Piazzai W, Sch\u00f6tta AM, Markowicz MA, Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A,\u00a0Stanek G,\u00a0Allerberger\u00a0F et al. Adult Hyalomma marginatum tick positive for Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Austria, October 2018. Euro Surveill. 2018;23:1800595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.48.1800595.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"7022_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-022-02995-7","volume":"204","author":"MR Rjeibi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rjeibi MR, Amairia S, Mhadhbi M, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Detection and molecular identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. infections in Hyalomma aegyptium ticks in Tunisia. Arch Microbiol. 2022;204:385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00203-022-02995-7.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"7022_CR32","first-page":"333","volume":"25","author":"K Siuda","year":"1979","unstructured":"Siuda K, Dutkiewicz J. Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844 (acarina: ixodidae) in Poland\u2013an example of transport of southern tick by migratory birds. Wiad Parazytol. 1979;25:333\u20138.","journal-title":"Wiad Parazytol"},{"key":"7022_CR33","unstructured":"Nowak-Chmura M. Tick fauna (Ixodida) of central Europe. Krak\u00f3w: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego; 2013. [in Polish]."},{"key":"7022_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101599","volume":"12","author":"D Kiewra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kiewra D, Szymanowski M, Czu\u0142owska A, Kolanek A. The local-scale expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Lower Silesia, SW Poland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12:101599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101599.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/s1438-4221(02)80045-5","volume":"291","author":"J Sta\u0144czak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sta\u0144czak J, Racewicz M, Kruminis-Lozowska W, Kubica-Biernat B. Coinfection of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in northern Poland with the agents of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Int J Med Microbiol. 2002;291:198\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1438-4221(02)80045-5.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"7022_CR36","first-page":"276","volume":"20","author":"A W\u00f3jcik-Fatla","year":"2013","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik-Fatla A, Cisak E, Zaj\u0105c V, Sroka J, Sawczyn A, Dutkiewicz J. Study on tick-borne rickettsiae in eastern Poland. I et al. Prevalence in Dermacentor reticulatus (Acari: Amblyommidae). Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20:276\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"7022_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04758-7","volume":"14","author":"D Dwu\u017cnik-Szarek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dwu\u017cnik-Szarek D, Mierzejewska EJ, Rodo A, Go\u017adzik K, Behnke-Borowczyk J, Kiewra D et al. Monitoring the expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus and occurrence of canine babesiosis in Poland in 2016\u20132018. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04758-7.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7022_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05242-6","volume":"15","author":"O Dan\u011bk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dan\u011bk O, Hrazdilov\u00e1 K, Kozderkov\u00e1 D, Jirk\u016f D, Modr\u00fd D. The distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in the Czech Republic re-assessed: citizen science approach to understanding the current distribution of the Babesia canis vector. Parasit Vectors. 2022;15:132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-022-05242-6.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7022_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Springer A, Lindau A, Probst J, Drehmann M, Fachet K, Thoma D. Update and prognosis of Dermacentor distribution in Germany: nationwide occurrence of Dermacentor reticulatus. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:1044597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.1044597.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1044597"},{"key":"7022_CR40","unstructured":"Walker A, Bouattour A, Camicas J, Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Horak I, Latif A, Pegram R, Preston P. Ticks of domestic animals in africa: a guide to identification of species. biology, environmental science, medicine. 2003."},{"key":"7022_CR41","first-page":"294","volume":"3","author":"O Folmer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994;3:294\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol"},{"key":"7022_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol. 2021;38:3022\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msab120.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"7022_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.02.013","volume":"8","author":"A Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2017","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Pf\u00e4ffle M, Baneth G, Kleinerman G, Petney TN. Ixodoidea of the Western Palaearctic: a review of available literature for identification of species. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2017;8:512\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.02.013.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7022_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2307\/3279627","volume":"64","author":"MM Knight","year":"1978","unstructured":"Knight MM, Norval RA, Rechav Y. The life cycle of the tick Hyalomma marginatum rufipes Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. J Parasitol. 1978;64:143\u20136.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7022_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.4.471","volume":"38","author":"AN Alekseev","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alekseev AN, Dubinina HV, Semenov AV, Bolshakov CV. Evidence of ehrlichiosis agents found in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from migratory birds. J Med Entomol. 2001;38:471\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/0022-2585-38.4.471.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7022_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.8.3082-3087","volume":"61","author":"B Ols\u00e9n","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ols\u00e9n B, Jaenson TG, Bergstr\u00f6m S. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ticks on migrating birds. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995;61:3082\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.61.8.3082-3087.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"7022_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147186","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1147186","volume":"10","author":"G Keve","year":"2023","unstructured":"Keve G, Cs\u00f6rg\u0151 T, Benke A, Huber A, M\u00f3rocz A, N\u00e9meth \u00c1,\u00a0Kalocsa B,\u00a0Tam\u00e1s\u00a0EA, Gyur\u00e1cz J, Kiss O,\u00a0Kov\u00e1ts D,\u00a0S\u00e1ndor AD,\u00a0Karcza Z,\u00a0Hornok S et al. Ornithological and molecular evidence of a reproducing Hyalomma rufipes population under continental climate in Europe. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10:1147186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1147186.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"7022_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13640","volume":"24","author":"A Lampert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lampert A, Liebhold AM. Combining multiple tactics over time for cost-effective eradication of invading insect populations. Ecol Lett. 2021;24:279\u201387.","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"7022_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01614.x","volume":"14","author":"PC Tobin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tobin PC, Berec L, Liebhold AM. Exploiting Allee effects for managing biological invasions. Ecol Lett. 2011;14:615\u201324.","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"7022_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0233771","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233771","volume":"15","author":"N Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz N, Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A. Could climate trends disrupt the contact rates between Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae) and the reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.? PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0233771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0233771.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7022_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-021-00641-3","volume":"2021","author":"L Elhachimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elhachimi L, Valc\u00e1rcel F, Olmeda AS, Elasatey S, Khattat SE, Daminet S, Sahibi H, Duchateau L et al. Rearing of Hyalomma marginatum (Acarina: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions in Morocco. Exp Appl Acarol. 2021;2021:785\u201394.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07022-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07022-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07022-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T15:45:14Z","timestamp":1758728714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07022-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07022-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Anna Bajer serves as a Subject Editor and Dorota Dwuznak-Szarek as an Associate Editor for Parasites & Vectors; neither was involved in the peer review or editorial decision-making process for this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"383"}}