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Previous proteomic studies were constrained by incomplete genomic resources and limited analytical sensitivity, impeding comprehensive profiling across life stages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this study, we integrated advanced tandem mass spectrometry with a chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Haecon-5 strain to construct the most detailed somatic proteome of <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> to date.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified and quantified 7002 proteins across five key developmental stages\/sexes\u2014i.e. eggs, third-stage larvae (L3s), fourth-stage larvae (L4s), and adult female (Af) and adult male (Am) worms\u2014tripling the number identified in an earlier\u00a0study. Comparative analyses revealed pronounced stage-specific expression and functional specialisation, with parasitic stages enriched in proteins linked to metabolism, cellular function and environmental sensing. Fifteen proteins associated with the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathway were upregulated in parasitic stages, suggesting a role in adaptation to hypoxia. Additionally, 150 proteases implicated in haemoglobin degradation were characterised, and functional assays confirmed markedly elevated haemoglobinolytic activity in blood-feeding stages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings offer key insights into <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> development and parasitism, and establish a high-resolution proteomic framework to underpin fundamental biological studies and to enable the discovery of molecular targets for novel interventions against this and related nematodes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07050-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T15:34:19Z","timestamp":1758728059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comprehensive developmental somatic proteome atlas of Haemonchus contortus underpinned by a chromosome-scale genome and deep tandem mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil D.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Seng","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin B.","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7050_CR1","unstructured":"Gasser RB, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. 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