{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:21:26Z","timestamp":1793863286158,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Team for Clinical & Basic Research","award":["202407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["tsqn202312373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202312373"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.ZR2024MH271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.ZR2024MH271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jining City Key R&D Project","award":["2024YXNS133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YXNS133"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Health Science and Technology Innovation Team Construction Project Support"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019446","name":"Medical and health science and technology development project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["202412070189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202412070189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Critical Project for Science and Technology on Infectious Diseases of P. R. China","award":["2017ZX100303404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX100303404"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2023MH315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MH315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Open Project of National Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Biosafety","award":["No.SKLPBS2446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.SKLPBS2446"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a globally significant disease vector, ticks harbor diverse pathogens, occupy various ecological niches, and attach to a wide range of animal hosts. However, their distribution patterns in Shandong province remain poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study systematically investigated tick species composition, spatial\u2013temporal distribution patterns, and environmental influencing factors, such as temperature, dewpoint temperature and precipitation, across 13 prefecture-level cities in Shandong province from 2021 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified as the dominant species, accounting for over 90% of all collected ticks with widespread geographic distributions. Significant interannual variation in host-seeking tick densities was particularly, with 2021 recoding significantly higher values than 2022 and 2023. Densities were particularly elevated in suburban parks and unused grasslands compared with other habitat types. Host-specific analysis revealed that sheep exhibited significantly higher infestation rates and tick indices than dogs, cats, or cattle. Strong temporal aggregation patterns were observed in host-seeking and host collected tick counts from 2021 to 2023, with seasonal fluctuations peaking between March and June. While the host collected tick index remained stable across years, an unusual high tick density peak was recorded in Jinan in March 2021. Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis indicated that mean air temperature was positively correlated with tick density, whereas mean dew point temperature showed a negative correlation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents the first comprehensive ecological assessment of ticks in Shandong province and provides the first dataset for risk stratification and targeted prevention strategies for tick-borne diseases. These findings highlight the need to prioritize surveillance in rural habitats, focus on sheep as sentinel hosts, target spring as a high-risk period, and incorporate meteorological factors into early warning and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07055-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T15:53:37Z","timestamp":1762962817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comprehensive characterization of ecological features and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of ticks in Shandong Province, China (2021\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yingnan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qintong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"7055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013304","volume":"19","author":"N-H Cho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cho N-H, Cheng Q, Wang X, Li Q, Yu H, Wang X, et al. Contributions of different host species to the natural transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19:e0013304.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"7055_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.003","volume":"28","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a one health perspective. Trends Parasitol. 2012;28:437\u201346.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"7055_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101823","author":"DM Dixon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dixon DM, Branda JA, Clark SH, Dumler JS, Horowitz HW, Perdue SS, et al. Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis subcommittee report to the tick-borne disease working group. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12(6):101823.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7055_CR4","first-page":"1604","volume":"37","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Z, Yi J. Research progress in study of neoehrlichiosis. Dis Surveill. 2022;37:1604\u20139.","journal-title":"Dis Surveill"},{"key":"7055_CR5","volume":"31","author":"X Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou X, Wang H, Xue J, Xia S, Zhou X. Epidemic and research progress of babesiosis. Chin J Schistosomiasis Control. 2019;31:01.","journal-title":"Chin J Schistosomiasis Control"},{"key":"7055_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6938","DOI":"10.2741\/3200","volume":"13","author":"J de la Fuente","year":"2008","unstructured":"de la Fuente J, Estrada-Pena A, Venzal JM, Kocan KM, Sonenshine DE. Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. Front Biosci. 2008;13:6938\u201346.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"7055_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/biohorizons\/hzr016","volume":"4","author":"BPJ Greenfield","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenfield BPJ. Environmental parameters affecting tick (Ixodes ricinus) distribution during the summer season in Richmond park, London. Biosci Horiz. 2011;4:140\u20138.","journal-title":"Biosci Horiz"},{"key":"7055_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d17050314","author":"TG Makwarela","year":"2025","unstructured":"Makwarela TG, Seoraj-Pillai N, Nangammbi TC. The impact of vegetation changes in savanna ecosystems on tick populations in wildlife: implications for ecosystem management. Diversity. 2025;17(5):314.","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"7055_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182021001554","volume":"149","author":"EA Richardson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Richardson EA, Taylor CE, Jabot B, Martin E, Keiser CN. The effects of habitat type and pathogen infection on tick host-seeking behaviour. Parasitology. 2021;149:59\u201364.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7055_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2024.121944","volume":"562","author":"T Vanroy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vanroy T, Martel A, Baeten L, Fonville M, Lens L, Pasmans F, et al. The effect of forest structural complexity on tick-borne pathogens in questing ticks and small mammals. For Ecol Manage. 2024;562:121944.","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"7055_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21544","volume":"102","author":"YK Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang YK, Zhang XY, Liu JZ. Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) in China: geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2019;102:e21544.","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"7055_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-052720-094533","volume":"66","author":"L Gilbert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilbert L. The impacts of climate change on ticks and tick-borne disease risk. Annu Rev Entomol. 2021;66:373\u201388.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"7055_CR13","unstructured":"Yu LQ, Zhang BG, Sheng ZA. Distribution status of major tick species and research progress on tick pathogens in Shandong. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip. 30, 2024."},{"key":"7055_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0688-3","volume":"101","author":"H Yin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yin H, Luo J. Ticks of small ruminants in China. Parasitol Res. 2007;101:S187\u20139.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7055_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006560","volume":"129","author":"AS Bowman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bowman AS, Nuttall PA, Chappell LH. Ticks: biology, disease and control. Parasitology. 2004;129:S1\u2013S1.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7055_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9671-0","volume":"61","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Lia RP, Capelli G, Otranto D. Efficiency of flagging and dragging for tick collection. Exp Appl Acarol. 2013;61:119\u201327.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7055_CR17","first-page":"54","volume":"1","author":"GP Deng","year":"1992","unstructured":"Deng GP, Jiang ZJ. Economic insect fauna of China, fasc 39, Acari: Ixodidae. Chin Bull Entomol. 1992;1:54.","journal-title":"Chin Bull Entomol."},{"key":"7055_CR18","volume-title":"Common vector organisms classification and identification manual","author":"MH Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou MH, Chu HL. Common vector organisms classification and identification manual. Suzhou: Soochow University Press; 2019."},{"key":"7055_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0628-x","volume":"8","author":"Z Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu Z, Wang H, Wang T, Sun W, Yang X, Liu J. Tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in China. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:24.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7055_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9992-2","volume":"68","author":"D Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang D, Wang Y, Yang G, Liu H, Xin Z. Ticks and tick-borne novel bunyavirus collected from the natural environment and domestic animals in Jinan city, East China. Exp Appl Acarol. 2016;68:213\u201321.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7055_CR21","first-page":"75","volume":"26","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Gao L, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Guo X, Liu J. Investigation of species, temporal and spatial distribution of ticks in Henan province, China. Chin J Vector Biol Control. 2015;26:75\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin J Vector Biol Control"},{"key":"7055_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285841","volume":"18","author":"JL Bossart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bossart JL, Janz\u00e9n T, Hammer M, Petersson M, Dinn\u00e9tz P. Factors responsible for Ixodes ricinus presence and abundance across a natural-urban gradient. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0285841.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7055_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101471","author":"A Suzin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suzin A, Vogliotti A, Nunes PH, Barbieri ARM, Labruna MB, Szab\u00f3 MPJ. Free-living ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Igua\u00e7u national Park, Brazil: temporal dynamics and questing behaviour on vegetation. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020;11(5):101471.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7055_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.332","volume":"46","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen J, Yuan C, Xu Q, Sun Y, Zheng R, Zeng C, et al. Alterations in the salivary gland microbiota of Haemaphysalis longicornis during tick-to-host transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Zool Res. 2025;46:459\u201368.","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"7055_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.2.185","volume":"55","author":"J-B Chae","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chae J-B, Kang J-G, Kim H-C, Chong S-T, Lee I-Y, Shin N-S, et al. Identification of tick species collected from wild boars and habitats of wild boars and domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2017;55:185\u201391.","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"7055_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2003.00403.x","volume":"17","author":"Y Shimada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shimada Y, Beppu T, Inokuma H, Okuda M, Onishi T. Ixodid tick species recovered from domestic dogs in Japan. Med Vet Entomol. 2003;17:38\u201345.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"7055_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0324-1","volume":"77","author":"W Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng W, Xuan X, Fu R, Tao H, Xu R, Liu Y, et al. Preliminary investigation of ixodid ticks in Jiangxi province of Eastern China. Exp Appl Acarol. 2018;77:93\u2013104.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7055_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-011-9504-y","volume":"56","author":"LL Chao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chao LL, Shih CM. First report of human biting activity of Ixodes acutitarsus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected in Taiwan. Exp Appl Acarol. 2012;56:159\u201364.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7055_CR29","unstructured":"Shao ZR, Li F, Zhang LY, Wu YH, Wang YW, Wang XT, et al. Artificial rearing and life cycle observation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Acta Agric Boreali Occident Sin. 26, 2017."},{"key":"7055_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2876-7","author":"G Hauser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hauser G, Rais O, Mor\u00e1n Cadenas F, Gonseth Y, Bouzelboudjen M, Gern L. Influence of climatic factors on Ixodes ricinus nymph abundance and phenology over a long-term monthly observation in Switzerland (2000\u20132014). Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):289.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7055_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.2.314","volume":"45","author":"JM Medlock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Medlock JM, Pietzsch ME, Rice NVP, Jones L, Kerrod E, Avenell D, et al. Investigation of ecological and environmental determinants for the presence of questing Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) on Gower, South Wales. J Med Entomol. 2008;45:314\u201325.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7055_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1943.tb06195.x","volume":"30","author":"A Milne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milne A. The comparison of sheep-tick populations (Ixodes ricinus L.). Ann Appl Biol. 2008;30:240\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Appl Biol"},{"key":"7055_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2006.00619.x","volume":"20","author":"JF Barandika","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barandika JF, Berriatua E, Barral M, Juste RA, Anda P, Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez AL. Risk factors associated with ixodid tick species distributions in the Basque region in Spain. Med Vet Entomol. 2006;20:177\u201388.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"7055_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2021.150711","volume":"85\u201386","author":"JW Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng JW, Li YHF, Liu XM, Wang XY, Zhao D, Feng XC, et al. Seasonal patterns of the abundance of ground-dwelling arthropod guilds and their responses to livestock grazing in a semi-arid steppe. Pedobiologia. 2021;85\u201386:150711.","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"7055_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18673-w","volume":"24","author":"A Dumas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dumas A, Bouchard C, Drapeau P, Lindsay LR, Ogden NH, Leighton PA. The risk of contact between visitors and Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks is associated with fine-scale landscape features in a southeastern Canadian nature park. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1180.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"7055_CR36","first-page":"179","volume":"26","author":"Z Xin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xin Z, Wang D, Yang G, Wang Y, Peng W, Li X, et al. Status of tick distribution and tick-borne pathogens in Jinan city. Chin J Vector Biol Control. 2015;26:179\u201381.","journal-title":"Chin J Vector Biol Control"},{"key":"7055_CR37","first-page":"170","volume":"30","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Sun Y, Liu C, Wang T, Zhang H, Xiao L, et al. Analysis on ecological characteristics and influencing factors of ticks in Yantai city, Shandong province in 2022. Prev Med Trib. 2024;30:170\u20135.","journal-title":"Prev Med Trib"},{"key":"7055_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70165","author":"A Khoule","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khoule A, Ngom D, Faye M, Sene O, Badji A, Ndiaye E, et al. Tick species infesting livestock in three bioclimatic areas of Senegal: bioecology, prevalence of tick infestation, associated categorical factors and crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection. Vet Med Sci. 2025;11(3):e70165.","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"7055_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APPA.0000018196.95982.02","volume":"32","author":"T Tsunoda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsunoda T, Kasuga S, Amano H. Estimation of the density of nymphs of the bush tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae), by the catch effort method. Exp Appl Acarol. 2004;32:69\u201378.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7055_CR40","first-page":"321","volume":"22","author":"CB Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du CB, Sun Y, Jiang FJ, Du CH. Research progress on the species, distribution and pathogens carried of Haemaphysalis. J Trop Dis Parasitol. 2024;22:321.","journal-title":"J Trop Dis Parasitol"},{"key":"7055_CR41","first-page":"178","volume":"30","author":"N Irshad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Irshad N, Qayyum M, Hussain M, Khan MQ. Prevalence of tick infestation and theileriosis in sheep and goats. Pak Vet J. 2010;30:178\u201380.","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"7055_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08151-y","author":"S Sahina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sahina S, Sithalakshmi S, Balasubramanian R. Prevalence of ixodid ticks on goats and risk factors for tick-borne diseases in humans in the Kyasanur forest disease endemic area of Kerala, India. Parasitol Res. 2024;123(2):131.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7055_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-023-00898-w","volume":"92","author":"D Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang D, Meng F, Zhang X, Xin Z, Wei L. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Haemaphysalis longicornis around goat sheds in Jinan city, East China. Exp Appl Acarol. 2024;92:297\u2013305.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7055_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S353","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004682","volume":"129","author":"JE George","year":"2005","unstructured":"George JE, Pound JM, Davey RB. Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides. Parasitology. 2005;129:S353\u201366.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7055_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1797280","author":"FG Meng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng FG, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Wei L, Xu H. Analysis of ecological monitoring results for ticks in Jinan city, Shandong Province during 2020\u20132023. China Rural Health. 2024;16(10):52\u201354.","journal-title":"China Rural Health"},{"key":"7055_CR46","unstructured":"Han RQ, Shi L, Yuan Y. Analysis on the causes of cold and warm transition on in China during the winter of 2020\/2021. Meteorol Mon. 47, 2021."},{"key":"7055_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.70009","author":"M Bickerton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bickerton M, Gonz\u00e1lez J, Toledo A. Insights on the phenology of the Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) using stored lipids. Insect Sci. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-7917.70009.","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"7055_CR48","unstructured":"Cao Y, Guan WY, Cai ZC, Yu T. Preliminary observation on the overwintering habits of Haemaphysalis longicornis in Fangshan District, Beijing. Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med. 8, 2015"},{"key":"7055_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18916","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.26.18916-en","volume":"13","author":"J Suss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suss J. Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and beyond-the epidemiological situation as of 2007. Euro Surveill. 2008;13:18916.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"7055_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad142","volume":"61","author":"OM Ajayi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ajayi OM, Oyen KJ, Davies B, Finch G, Piller BD, Harmeyer AA, et al. Egg hatching success is influenced by the time of thermal stress in four hard tick species. J Med Entomol. 2024;61:110\u201320.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7055_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.12.013","volume":"35","author":"NH Ogden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ogden NH, Bigras-Poulin M, O\u2019Callaghan CJ, Barker IK, Lindsay LR, Maarouf A, et al. A dynamic population model to investigate effects of climate on geographic range and seasonality of the tick Ixodes scapularis. Int J Parasitol. 2005;35:375\u201389.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"7055_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-010-9415-3","volume":"53","author":"H Zheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zheng H, Yu Z, Chen Z, Zhou L, Zheng B, Ma H, et al. Development and biological characteristics of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) under field conditions. Exp Appl Acarol. 2011;53:377\u201388.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07055-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07055-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07055-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T15:53:40Z","timestamp":1762962820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07055-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07055-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"460"}}