{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:07:21Z","timestamp":1793830041739,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD Animal Health","award":["No Grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No Grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dairy products provide invaluable sustenance for human populations and any factor that impairs dairy production is a threat to our future food supply. Dairy cattle parasitism is a critical and often unrecognized danger that harms cows; threatens producer livelihoods; can reduce food safety, and hurts farm profitability. Specifically, parasites cause illness and death, reduce milk production, slow weight gain, and harm carcass quality. They may cause abortions, transmit serious bacterial diseases, and harm human health. Cattle movement restrictions to prevent parasite spread add to production costs. Two general parasite types are those found internally (endoparasites) or externally to the animal (ectoparasites) and common parasite classes include: nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, protozoans, arachnids, and insects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper reviews global economic and health impacts of dairy cattle parasitism including discussions of testing methods, treatment strategies, and resistance avoidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07064-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T07:55:25Z","timestamp":1764662125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The economic impact of endo- and ectoparasites in dairy cattle"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Strydom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Lavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddartha","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/37c7b798-en","volume-title":"OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2023\u20132032","author":"FAO","year":"2023","unstructured":"FAO. OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2023\u20132032. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/37c7b798-en."},{"key":"7064_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.04.005","volume":"195","author":"JL Fitzpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick JL. Global food security: the impact of veterinary parasites and parasitologists. Vet Parasitol. 2013;195:233\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.04.005.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR3","unstructured":"United Nations (UN). Global Population Prospect. Data Booklet. 2017; Available from: Wayback Machine (archive.org)."},{"key":"7064_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.04.009","volume":"30","author":"J Charlier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Charlier J, van der Voort M, Kenyon F, Skuce P, Vercruysse J. Chasing helminths and their economic impact on farmed ruminants. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:361\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2014.04.009.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018001282","volume":"146","author":"M Rashid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rashid M, Rashid MI, Akbar H, Ahmad L, Hassan MA, Ashraf K, et\u00a0al. A systematic review on modelling approaches for economic losses studies caused by parasites and their associated diseases in cattle. Parasitology. 2019;146:129\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182018001282.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7064_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90583-1.00029-5","author":"A Rehman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rehman A, Abidi SMA. Livestock health: current status of helminth infections and their control for sustainable development. In: Sobti R, editor.  Advances in Animal Experimentation and Modeling. London: Academic; 2022. p. 365-378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-90583-1.00029-5.","journal-title":"Adv Anim Exp Mod"},{"key":"7064_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1079\/PAVSNNR201510051","volume":"10","author":"L Lopes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lopes L, Nicolino R, Capanema R, Oliveira C, Haddad J, Eckstein C. Economic impacts of parasitic diseases in cattle. CAB Rev. 2015;10:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/PAVSNNR201510051.","journal-title":"CAB Rev"},{"key":"7064_CR8","unstructured":"Fox, N.J. Predicting impacts of climate change on Livestock parasites. Doctoral thesis. University of York, Environment Department. 2012; p. 158."},{"key":"7064_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109990991","volume":"4","author":"J van Dijk","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Dijk J, Sargison N, Kenyon F, Skuce P. Climate change and infectious disease: helminthological challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions. Animal. 2010;4:377\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731109990991.","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"7064_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.564795","volume":"7","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shrestha S, Barratt A, Fox NJ, Vosough Ahmadi B, Hutchings MR. Financial impacts of liver fluke on livestock farms under climate change\u2013a farm level assessment. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:564795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.564795.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.03.005","volume":"31","author":"T Yazwinski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yazwinski T, Tucker C, Powell J, Beck P, Wray E, Weingartz C. Current status of parasite control at the feed yard. Vet Clin Food Anim. 2015;31:229\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2015.03.005.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Food Anim"},{"key":"7064_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101599","volume":"13","author":"T Strydom","year":"2023","unstructured":"Strydom T, Lavan R, Torres S, Heaney K. The economic impact of parasitism from nematodes, trematodes and ticks on beef cattle production. Animals. 2023;13:1599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13101599.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"7064_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.03.018","author":"J Fanke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fanke J, Charlier J, Steppin T, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Vercruysse J, Demeler J. Economic assessment of Ostertagia ostertagi and Fasciola hepatica infections in dairy cattle herds in Germany using Paracalc\u00ae. Vet Parasitol. 2017; 24: 39-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.03.018.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105103","volume":"182","author":"J Charlier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charlier J, Rinaldi L, Musella V, Ploeger H, Chartier C, Vineer H, et\u00a0al. Initial assessment of the economic burden of major parasitic helminth infections to the ruminant livestock industry in Europe. Prev Vet Med. 2020;182:105103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105103.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"7064_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.04.012","volume":"164","author":"J Charlier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Charlier J, H\u00f6glund J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Dorny P, Vercruysse J. Gastrointestinal nematode infections in adult dairy cattle: impact on production, diagnosis and control. Vet Parasitol. 2009;164:70\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.04.012.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.011","volume":"197","author":"R Walker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walker R, Miller J, Monlezun J, LaMay D, Navarre C, Ensley D. Gastrointestinal nematode infection and performance of weaned stocker calves in response to anthelmintic control strategies. Vet Parasitol. 2013;197:152\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.011.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0264-x","volume":"10","author":"SH Verschave","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verschave SH, Vercruysse J, Strydom A, Opsomer G, Hostens M, Duchateau L, et\u00a0al. Non-invasive indicators associated with the milk yield response after anthelmintic treatment at calving in dairy cows. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10:264.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"7064_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4719","volume":"95","author":"J Charlier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Charlier J, Levecke B, Devleesschauwer B, Vercruysse J, Hogeveen H. The economic effects of whole-herd versus selective anthelmintic treatment strategies in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012;95:2977\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2011-4719.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.04.005","volume":"2012","author":"B Lassena","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lassena B, \u00d8stergaard S. Estimation of the economic effects of Eimeria infections in Estonian dairy herds using a stochastic model. Prev Vet Med. 2012;2012:258\u201365.","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"7064_CR20","unstructured":"Bagley, C., Healey, C., Hansen, D. Beef Cattle Handbook: Internal Parasites in Cattle. 1998; http:\/\/www.iowabeefcenter.org\/Beef%20Cattle%20Handbook\/Internal_Parasites."},{"key":"7064_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11","volume":"192","author":"B Kunkle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kunkle B, Williams J, Johnson E, Stromberg B, Yazwinski T, Smith, et\u00a0al. Persistent efficacy and production benefits following use of extended-release injectable eprinomectin in grazing beef cattle under field conditions. Vet Parasitol. 2013;192:332\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR22","unstructured":"USDA-APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service). Parasitic control practices on US cow-calf operations, 2007\u20132008. 2009;   http:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/animalhealth\/nahms\/beefcowcalf\/downloads\/beef0708\/Beef07."},{"key":"7064_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00024-9","volume":"105","author":"A Nodtved","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nodtved A, Dohoo I, Sanchez J, Conboy G, DesCoteaux L, Keefe G. 2002; Increase in milk yield following eprinomectin treatment at calving in pastured dairy cattle. Vet Parasitol. 2002;105:191\u2013206.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7444","volume":"97","author":"M van der Voort","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Voort M, Van Meensel J, Lauwers L, Vercruysse J, Van Huylenbroeck G, Charlier J. A stochastic frontier approach to study the relationship between gastrointestinal nematode infections and technical efficiency of dairy farms. J Dairy Sci. 2014;97:3498\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2013-7444.","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2602-x","volume":"2018","author":"K May","year":"2018","unstructured":"May K, Br\u00fcgemann K, K\u00f6nig S, Strube C. The effect of patent Dictyocaulus viviparus (re)infections on individual milk yield and milk quality in pastured dairy cows and correlation with clinical signs. Parasites Vect. 2018;2018:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2602-x.","journal-title":"Parasites Vect"},{"key":"7064_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4736","volume":"169","author":"M Holzhauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holzhauer M, van Schaik G, Saatkamp HW, Ploeger HW. Lungworm outbreaks in adult dairy cows: estimating economic losses and lessons to be learned. Vet Rec. 2011;169:494\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.d4736.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"7064_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014042","volume":"23","author":"L Grisi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grisi L, Leite RC, Martins JR, Barros AT, Andreott R, Cancado PH, et\u00a0al. Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2014;23:150\u20136.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"7064_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352013000500039","volume":"65","author":"D Rodrigues","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodrigues D, Leite R. Economic impact of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: estimate of decreased milk production on a dairy farm. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2013;65:1570\u20132.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"7064_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00118-6","volume":"78","author":"NN Jonsson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jonsson NN, Mayer DG, Matschoss AL, Green PE, Ansell J. Production effects of cattle tick Boophilus microplus infestation of high yielding dairy cows. Vet Parasitol. 1998;78:65\u201377.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.22319\/rmcp.v8i1.4305","volume":"8","author":"RI Rodr\u00edguez-Vivas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vivas RI, Grisi L, P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n AA, Villela HS, Torres-Acosta JF, Fragoso S\u00e1nchez H, et\u00a0al. Potential economic impact assessment for cattle parasites in Mexico. Rev Mex Cien Pec. 2017;8:61\u201374.","journal-title":"Rev Mex Cien Pec"},{"key":"7064_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.rccp.323749","volume":"14","author":"W Becerra","year":"2001","unstructured":"Becerra W. Consideraciones sobre estrategias sostenibles para el control de Fasciola hepatica en Latinoamerica. Rev Col Cien Pec. 2001;14:28\u201335.","journal-title":"Rev Col Cien Pec"},{"key":"7064_CR32","unstructured":"Pulido A, Castaneda R, Arbelaez G. Fasciola hepatica: pedagogia de diagnostic por laboratorio y su situacion en Colombia. Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Veterinaria. 2011; 12(5B). Available from: http:\/\/wwwveterinaria.org\/revistas\/redvet\/n050511B\/051125.pdf."},{"key":"7064_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-296112011000100010","volume":"20","author":"CD Bernardo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bernardo CD, Carniero MB, Avelar BR, Donatele DM, MarTins IV, Pereira MJ. Prevalence of liver condemnation due to bovine fasciolosis in southern Espirito Santo: temporal distribution and economic losses. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2011;20:49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1984-296112011000100010.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"7064_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006","volume":"109","author":"K Mehmood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehmood K, Zhang H, Jawad A, Abbas R, Ijaz M, DurranA, et\u00a0al. A review on epidemiology, global prevalence and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants. Microb Pathog. 2017;109:253\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"7064_CR35","unstructured":"Valderamma, A., Carrion, Y., Soncco, J. Enfermedades parasitarias en rumiantes y perdida economica por condena de visceras. Encuentro Cientifico Internacional, Lima, Peru. 2014; p.120."},{"key":"7064_CR36","first-page":"758","volume":"3","author":"BR Mohammed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohammed BR. The impact of fasciolosis on food security in Nigeria: a review. Int J Mult Current Res. 2015;3:758\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Mult Current Res"},{"key":"7064_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12343","volume":"38","author":"K Cwiklinski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cwiklinski K, O\u2019Neill SM, Donnelly S, Dalton JP. A prospective view of animal and human fasciolosis. Parasite Immunol. 2016;38:558\u201368.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"7064_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.12.015","volume":"169","author":"L Dutra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dutra L, Molento M, Naumann C, Biondo A, Fortes F, Savio D, et\u00a0al. Mapping risk of bovine fasciolosis in the south of Brazil using geographic information systems. Vet Parasitol. 2010;169:76e81.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188e193","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.7.188","volume":"157","author":"G Schweizer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schweizer G, Braun U, Deplazes P, Torgerson P. Estimating the financial losses due to bovine fasciolosis in Switzerland. Vet Rec. 2005;157:188e193.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"7064_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043216","volume":"8","author":"J Charlier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Charlier J, Hostens M, Jacobs J, Van Ranst B, Duchateau L, Vercruysse J. Integrating Fasciolosis control in the dry comanagement: the effect of closantel treatment on milk production. PLoS ONE. 2012;8:e43216.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7064_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4394-4","volume":"38","author":"E Mungube","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mungube E, Bauni S, Tenhagen B, Wamae L, Nginyi J, Mugambi J. The prevalence and economic significance of Fasciola gigantica and Stilesia hepatica in slaughtered animals in the semi-arid coastal Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2006;38:475483.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"7064_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BMRJ\/2015\/15274","volume":"7","author":"N Joan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joan N, Stephen M, Bashir M, Kiguli J, Orikiriza P, Bazira J, et\u00a0al. Prevalence and economic impact of bovine fasciolosis at Kampala city abattoir, central Uganda. Br Microbiol Res J. 2015;7:109e117.","journal-title":"Br Microbiol Res J"},{"key":"7064_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001662","volume":"141","author":"J Charlier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Charlier J, Vercruysse J, Morgan E, Van Dijk J, Williams D. Recent advances in the diagnosis, impact on production and prediction of Fasciola hepatica in cattle. Parasitology. 2014;141:326\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182013001662.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7064_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.12.012","volume":"7","author":"AE Lew-Tabor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lew-Tabor AE, Valle MR. A review of reverse vaccinology approaches for the development of vaccines against ticks and tick-borne diseases. Ticks and Tick-borne Dis. 2016;7:573\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.12.012.","journal-title":"Ticks and Tick-borne Dis"},{"key":"7064_CR45","unstructured":"McLeod, R., Kristjanson, P. Final report of joint esys\/ILRI\/ACIAR TickCost project \u2013 Economic impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases to livestock in Africa, Asia and Australia. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi. 1999; https:\/\/www.aciar.gov.au\/publication\/technical-publications\/economic-impact-ticks-and- tick-borne-diseases-livestock-africa-asia-and-australia-final."},{"key":"7064_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190","volume":"129","author":"R Bock","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bock R, Jackson L, De Vos E, Jorgensen W. Babesiosis of cattle. Parasitology. 2004;129:247\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182004005190.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7064_CR47","unstructured":"Nene V, Lacasta A, Steinaa L, Toye P, Teufel N, Pye-Smith C. Tackling the key cattle disease East Coast Fever: An overview of CGIAR research in one of Africa\u2019s most important livestock diseases. Innovation Brief. Research Program on Livestock. Nairobi,Kenya: ILRI. 2021; 1-5."},{"key":"7064_CR48","first-page":"68","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture","author":"SE Kunz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kunz SE, Murrell KD, Lambert G, James LF, Terrill CE. Estimated losses of livestock to pests. In: Pimental D, editor. CRC Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture, vol. 1. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1991. p. 68\u20139."},{"key":"7064_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1603\/me10050","volume":"49","author":"DB Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor DB, Moon RD, Mark DR. Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) ondairyand beef cattleproduction. J Med Entomol. 2012;49:198\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/me10050.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7064_CR50","unstructured":"Kun, M. Serie de divulgaci\u00f3n sobre insectos de importancia ecol\u00f3gica, econ\u00f3mica y sanitaria. Masciocchi M, Lantschner V, Villacide J (editores). Cuadernillo n\u00ba22. INTA EEA Bariloche. 2019; https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/337902103_Serie_de_divulgacion_sobre_insectos_de_importancia_ecologica_economica_y_sanitaria#fullTextFileContent."},{"key":"7064_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-61","volume":"42","author":"M Rinaldi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rinaldi M, Dreesen L, Hoorens P, Li R, Claerebout E, Goddeeris B, et\u00a0al. Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle affects mucus biosynthesis in the abomasum. Vet Res. 2011;42:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"7064_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.1214-1217","volume":"9","author":"P Marksole","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marksole P, Dixit V, Swamy M. Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Jabalpur India. Vet World. 2016;9:1214\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2016.1214-1217.","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"7064_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.001","volume":"36","author":"J Charlier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charlier J, H\u00f6glund J, Morgan E, Geldhof P, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. Biology and epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. Vet Clin Food Anim. 2020;36:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.001.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Food Anim"},{"key":"7064_CR54","volume-title":"Nematode parasites gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and cattle \u2212 biology and control","author":"I Sutherland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sutherland I, Scott I. Nematode parasites gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and cattle \u2212 biology and control. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Oxford; 2010."},{"key":"7064_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.580649","volume":"7","author":"MP Maurelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maurelli MP, Dourado Martins OM, Morgan ER, Charlier J, Cringoli G, Mateus TL, et\u00a0al. A qualitative market analysis applied to Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for diagnosis of helminth infections in ruminants. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:580649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.580649.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.10.008","volume":"34","author":"TM Craig","year":"2018","unstructured":"Craig TM. Gastrointestinal nematodes, diagnosis and control. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 2018;34:185\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.10.008.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"7064_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.006","volume":"36","author":"C Navarre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Navarre C. Epidemiology and control of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in southern climates. Vet Clin Food Anim. 2020;36:45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.006.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Food Anim"},{"key":"7064_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106695","volume":"226","author":"L Couto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Couto L, Zapa D, Heller L, Cavalcante A, Nicaretta J, Cruvinel L, et\u00a0al. Gastrointestinal nematode control programs in yearling Nellore heifers: analysis of fecal egg counts, weight gain and reproductive indices. Anim Reprod Sci. 2021;226:106695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2021.106695.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR59","first-page":"290","volume":"79","author":"B Stromberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stromberg B, Gasbarre L, Ballweber L, Dargatz D, Rodriguez J, Kopral C, et\u00a0al. Prevalence of internal parasites in beef cows in the United States: results of the National Animal Health Monitoring System\u2019s (NAHMS) beef study, 2007\u20132008. Can J Vet Res. 2015;79:290\u20135.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"7064_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.12.004","volume":"250","author":"C Frey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frey C, Eicher R, Raue K, Strube C, Bodmer M, Hentrich B, et\u00a0al. Apparent prevalence of and risk factors for infection with Ostertagia ostertagi, Fasciola hepatica and Dictyocaulus viviparus in Swiss dairy herds. Vet Parasitol. 2018;250:52\u20139.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074429","volume":"8","author":"A Schunn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schunn A, Conraths F, Staubach C, Fr\u00f6hlich A, Forbes A, Schnieder T, et\u00a0al. Lungworm infections in German dairy cattle herds\u2014seroprevalence and GIS-supported risk factor analysis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e74429.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7064_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.07.006","volume":"165","author":"S Bennema","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bennema S, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E, Schnieder T, Strube C, Ducheyne E, et\u00a0al. The use of bulk-tank milk ELISAs to assess the spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica, Ostertagia ostertagi and Dictyocaulus viviparus in dairy cattle in Flanders (Belgium). Vet Parasitol. 2009;165:51\u20137.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.021","volume":"209","author":"Y Bloemhoff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bloemhoff Y, Forbes A, Good B, Morgan E, Mulcahy G, Strube C, et\u00a0al. Prevalence and seasonality of bulk milk antibodies against Dictyocaulus viviparus and Ostertagia ostertagi in Irish pasture-based dairy herds. Vet Parasitol. 2015;209:108\u201316.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.08.032","volume":"184","author":"H Ploeger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ploeger H, Verbeek P, Dekkers C, Strube C, Van Engelen E, Uiterwijk M, et\u00a0al. The value of a bulk-tank milk ELISA and individual serological and faecal examination for diagnosing (sub)clinical Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in dairy cows. Vet Parasitol. 2012;184:168\u201379.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.12968\/live.2018.23.2.59","volume":"23","author":"A Forbes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forbes A. Lungworm in cattle: epidemiology, pathology and immunobiology. Livestock. 2018;23:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Livestock"},{"key":"7064_CR66","unstructured":"Phipps, A.J. Lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparous) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in a dairy herd. The Australian. Cattle. Veterinarian. 2014; 71, 28\u201330. www.ava.com.au\/cattle."},{"key":"7064_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70294-8","volume":"12","author":"T F\u00fcrst","year":"2012","unstructured":"F\u00fcrst T, Keiser J, Utzinger J. Global burden of human food-borne trematodiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12:210\u201321.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"7064_CR68","first-page":"149","volume":"11","author":"MA Caravedo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caravedo MA, Cabada MM. Human fasciolosis: current epidemiological status and strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and control. Res Rep Trop Med. 2020;11:149\u201358.","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"key":"7064_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1996520","volume":"12","author":"R Lalor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lalor R, Cwiklinski K, Davies N, Dorey A, Hamon S, Corrales J, et\u00a0al. Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis. Virulence. 2021;12:2839\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21505594.2021.1996520.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"7064_CR70","first-page":"168","volume":"21","author":"D Ticona","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ticona D, Ch\u00e1vez A, Casas G, Chavera CA, Li E. Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en bovinos y ovinos de Vilcashuam\u00e1n. Ayacucho. Rev Inv Vet Peru. 2010;21:168\u201374.","journal-title":"Rev Inv Vet Peru"},{"key":"7064_CR71","unstructured":"Gauta J, P\u00e9rez A, Lecuna J, Garc\u00eda M, Aguirre A, Armas S, et al. Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en ganader\u00eda de altura en Bailadores M\u00e9rida, Venezuela. Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Veterinaria. 2011; 12(11), 1-8.  Available from: http:\/\/www.veterinaria.org\/revistas\/redvet\/n121211\/1211102.pdf."},{"key":"7064_CR72","first-page":"471","volume":"6","author":"F Angulo-Cubill\u00e1n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Angulo-Cubill\u00e1n F, Chac\u00edn E, S\u00e1nchez A, Calle M, Zambrano S, Montero M, et\u00a0al. Detecci\u00f3n de anticuerpos IgG frente a Fasciola hep\u00e1tica en un reba\u00f1o criollo limonero del municipio Mara, estado Zulia Venezuela. Rev Cient. 2013;6:471\u20134.","journal-title":"Rev Cient"},{"key":"7064_CR73","first-page":"393","volume":"19","author":"V Estrada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Estrada V, G\u00f3mez M, Vel\u00e1squez L. The hygiene of cattle and bovine fasciolosis, Medell\u00edn and Rionegro, 1914\u20131970. Iatreia. 2006;19:393\u2013407.","journal-title":"Iatreia"},{"key":"7064_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1309\/MLFFXA77UBBFH4GP","volume":"39","author":"A Alatoom","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alatoom A, Cavuoti D, Southern P, Gander R. Fasciola hepatica infection in the United States. Lab Med. 2008;39:425\u20138.","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"7064_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc020012","volume":"346","author":"JD MacLean","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacLean JD, Graeme-Cook FM. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital: weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 12\u20132002: a 50-year-old man with eosinophilia and fluctuating hepatic lesions. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1232\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7064_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.11.005","volume":"4","author":"Y Brockwell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brockwell Y, Elliott T, Anderson G, Stanton R, Spithill T, Sangster N. Confirmation of Fasciola hepatica resistant to triclabendazole in naturally infected Australian beef and dairy cattle. Int J Parasit Drugs Resist. 2014;4:48\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.11.005.","journal-title":"Int J Parasit Drugs Resist"},{"key":"7064_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.04.005","volume":"66","author":"M Ichikawa-Seki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ichikawa-Seki M, Shiroma T, Kariya T, Nakao R, Ohari Y, Hayashi K, et\u00a0al. Molecular characterization of Fasciola flukes obtained from wild sika deer and domestic cattle in Hokkaido. Japan. Parasitol Int. 2017;66:519\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2017.04.005.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"7064_CR78","unstructured":"Cordero del Campillo M, Rojo F, Mart\u00ednez A, Sanchez C, Hernandez  S, Navarrete J, et al. Parasitolog\u00eda Veterinaria. Mc Graw Hill Interamericana, Madrid, Espa\u00f1a, 1999; 935."},{"key":"7064_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00088-19","volume":"35","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Human and animal fasciolosis: origins and worldwide evolving scenario. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2022;35:e0008819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00088-19.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"7064_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velasquez LE. Synonymy between Lymnaea bogotensis Pilsbry, 1935 and Lymnaea cousini Jousseaume, 1887 (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. 2006; 101 (7): 795\u2013799. Available from: https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?pid=S0074-02762006000700015&script=sci_abstract.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000700015"},{"key":"7064_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-132","volume":"4","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bargues MD, Artigas P, Khoubbane M, Mas-Coma S. DNA sequence characterization and phylogeography of Lymnaea cousini and related species, vector of fasciolosis en northern Andean countries, whit description of L. meridensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). Paras Vectors. 2011;4:132.","journal-title":"Paras Vectors"},{"key":"7064_CR82","first-page":"40","volume":"2","author":"R Kaplan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaplan R. Fasciola hepatica: a review of the economic impact in cattle and considerations for control. Vet Ther Res Appl Vet Med. 2001;2:40\u201350.","journal-title":"Vet Ther Res Appl Vet Med"},{"key":"7064_CR83","unstructured":"Forbes A. Liver fluke control in cattle: why, when and how?. Cattle Practice. 2014;21(2): 150-156."},{"key":"7064_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2022.100694","volume":"29","author":"A Delafosse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delafosse A. Rumen fluke infections (Paramphistomidae) in diarrhoeal cattle in western France and association with production parameters. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2022;29:100694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2022.100694.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"key":"7064_CR85","first-page":"111","volume":"2","author":"F Angulo-Cubill\u00e1n","year":"2007","unstructured":"Angulo-Cubill\u00e1n F, Molero M, Escalona F, Mu\u00f1oz J, Ram\u00edrez R. Prevalencia y din\u00e1mica de hpg mensual de Fasciola hepatica y otros helmintos en un reba\u00f1o bovino de una zona inundable tropical. Rev Cient. 2007;2:111\u20136.","journal-title":"Rev Cient"},{"key":"7064_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.02.010","volume":"130","author":"JB Molloy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Molloy JB, Anderson GR, Fletcher TI, Landmann J, Knight BC. Evaluation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in cattle, sheep and buffaloes in Australia. Vet Parasitol. 2005;130:207\u201312.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00228-4","volume":"90","author":"E Castro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Castro E, Freyre A, Hernandez A. Serological responses of cattle after treatment and during natural re-infection with Fasciola hepatica, as measured with a dot-ELISA system. Vet Parasitol. 2000;90:201\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2011-5066","volume":"90","author":"D Tolleson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tolleson D, Carstens G, Welsh T Jr, Teel P, Strey O, Longnecker M, et\u00a0al. Plane of nutrition by tick-burden interaction in cattle: effect on growth and metabolism. J Anim Sci. 2012;90:3442\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas2011-5066.","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR89","unstructured":"Garcia MV, Rodrigues VS, Koller WW, Andreotti R. Biologia e importancia do carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In: Andreotti R, Garcia MV, Koller WW, editors. Brasilia: Carrapatos na Cadeia Produtiva de Bovinos. Embrapa; 2019. p. 17. Available from: https:\/\/cloud.cnpgc.embrapa.br\/controle-do- carrapato-ms\/files\/2019\/02\/Controle-Carrapatos-2019-COMPLETO-EBOOK.pdf."},{"key":"7064_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005967","volume":"129","author":"JE Uilenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uilenberg JE. The global importance of ticks. Parasitol. 2004;129:3\u201314.","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2528.1.1","volume":"2528","author":"A Guglielmone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guglielmone A, Robbing R, Apanaskevich D, Petney T, Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Horak I, et\u00a0al. The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa. 2010;2528:1\u201328.","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"7064_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.03.006","volume":"203","author":"R Abbas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abbas R, Zaman M, Colwell D, Gilleard J, Iqbal Z. Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management: the state of play. Vet Parasitol. 2014;203:6\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.03.006.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.12.004","volume":"36","author":"A P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez de Le\u00f3n A, Mitchell R, Watson D. Ectoparasites of cattle. Vet Clin Food Anim. 2020;36:173\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.12.004.","journal-title":"Vet Clin Food Anim"},{"key":"7064_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)03107-8","volume":"57","author":"JE Uilenberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Uilenberg JE. International collaborative research: significance of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases to world animal health. Vet Parasitol. 1995;57:19\u201341.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.10.002","volume":"64","author":"A Elsify","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elsify A, Sivakumar T, Nayel M, Salama A, Elkhtam A, Rizk M, et\u00a0al. An epidemiological survey of bovine Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle, buffaloes and sheep in Egypt. Parasitol Int. 2015;64:79\u201385.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"7064_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.07.031","volume":"166","author":"M Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silva M, Henriques G, Sanchez C, Marques P, Suarez C, Oliva A. First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods. Vet Parasitol. 2009;166:66\u201372.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109136","volume":"283","author":"S Jacob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacob S, Sengupta P, Paramanandham K, Puttahonnapp K, Chamuah J, Rudramurthya G, et\u00a0al. Bovine babesiosis: An insight into the global perspective on the disease distribution by systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Parasitol. 2020;283:109136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109136.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2381","volume":"34","author":"KM Kocan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kocan KM, De la Fuente J, Cabezas-Cruz A. The genus Anaplasma: new challenges after reclassification. Rev Sci Tech. 2015;34:577\u201386.","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"7064_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.012","volume":"167","author":"KM Kocan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kocan KM, De la Fuente J, Blouin EF, Coetzee JF, Ewing SA. The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet Parasitol. 2010;167:95\u2013107.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vpoa.2019.100021","volume":"277S","author":"M Spare","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spare M, Hanzlicek G, Wootten K, Anderson G, Thomson D, Sanderson M, et\u00a0al. Bovine anaplasmosis herd prevalence and management practices as risk-factors associated with herd disease status. Vet Parasitol. 2020;277S:100021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vpoa.2019.100021.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pfeffer M, Kr\u00f3l N, Obiegala A. Prevention and control of tick-borne anaplasmosis, cowdriosis and babesiosis in the cattle industry. In: Garros C, Bouyer J, Takken W, Smallegange RC, editors. Pests and vector-borne diseases in the livestock industry. Wageningen; 2018; 5, p 175 \u2013 194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/978-90-8686-863-6_7.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-863-6_7"},{"key":"7064_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-012-0215-z","volume":"37","author":"N Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar N, Shankar T, Varghese A, Singh V. Internal parasite management in grazing livestock. J Parasitol Dis. 2013;37:151\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-012-0215-z.","journal-title":"J Parasitol Dis"},{"key":"7064_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.21423\/aabppro20084377","volume":"41","author":"D Bliss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bliss D, Moore R, Kvasnicka W. Parasite resistance in US cattle. AABP Proc. 2008;41:109\u201314.","journal-title":"AABP Proc"},{"key":"7064_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.12.020","volume":"204","author":"LL Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith LL. Combination anthelmintics effectively control ML-resistant parasites; a real-world case history. Vet Parasitol. 2014;204:12\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.12.020.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9150-5","volume":"41","author":"JD Keyyu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keyyu JD, Kyvsgaard N, Monrad J, Kassuku A. Effectiveness of strategic anthelmintic treatments in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola gigantica in cattle in Iringa region, Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2009;41:25\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-008-9150-5.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"7064_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1645\/17-4","volume":"104","author":"S Muhammad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muhammad S, Khalid S, Imran R, Muhammad I, Haroon A, Muhammad R, et\u00a0al. Anthelmintic drugs: their efficacy and cost-effectiveness in different parity cattle. J Parasitol. 2018;104:79\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/17-4.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9017-1","volume":"39","author":"I Bianchin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bianchin I, Catto J, Kichel A, Torres R, Honer M. The effect of the control of endo- and ectoparasites on weight gains in crossbred cattle (Bos taurus taurus\u00d7Bos taurus indicus) in the central region of Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2007;39:287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-007-9017-1.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"7064_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109936","volume":"318","author":"R Kaplan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan R, Denwood M, Nielsen M, Thamsborg S, Torgerson P, Gilleard J, et\u00a0al. World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guideline for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance using the faecal egg count reduction test in ruminants, horses and swine. Vet Parasitol. 2023;318:109936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109936.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.10.007","volume":"51","author":"J Gilleard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilleard J, Kotze A, Leathwick D, Nisbet A, McNeilly T, Besier B. A journey through 50 years of research relevant to the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminant livestock and thoughts on future directions. Int J Parasitol. 2021;51:1133\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.10.007.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-02144-1","volume":"52","author":"F Lamberti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lamberti F, Skrebsky A, Silveira F, Balconi C, Machado M, Coelho C, et\u00a0al. Economic losses caused by the use of low-efficacy anthelmintic drugs in growing heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020;52:1365\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-019-02144-1.","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"7064_CR111","volume-title":"Parasitol","author":"J Charlier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charlier J, Bartley D, Sotiraki S, Martinez-Valladares M, Claerebout E, von Samson- Himmelstjerna G, et\u00a0al. Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants: challenges and solutions. In: Rollinson D, Stothard R, editors., et\u00a0al., Parasitol. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2022."},{"key":"7064_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.033","volume":"297","author":"H Rose Vineer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rose Vineer H, Wang T, Van Dijk J, Morgan ER. GLOWORM-FL: a simulation model of the effects of climate and climate change on the free-living stages of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites of ruminants. Ecol Model. 2015;297:232\u201345.","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"7064_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.08.019","volume":"166","author":"L Gasbarre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gasbarre L, Smith L, Hoberg E, Pilitt P. Further characterization of a cattle nematode population with demonstrated resistance to current anthelmintics. Vet Parasitol. 2009;166:275\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.08.019.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.10.011","volume":"229","author":"TS Waghorn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waghorn TS, Miller CM, Leathwick DM. Confirmation of ivermectin resistance in Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle in New Zealand. Vet Parasitol. 2016;229:139\u201343.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6108-z","volume":"117","author":"F Ramos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramos F, Marques CB, Reginato CZ, de Souza R, Sangioni L, Vogel F, et\u00a0al. Economic viability of anthelmintic treatment in naturally infected beef cattle under different nutritional strategies after weaning. Parasitol Res. 2018;117:3993\u20134002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-6108-z.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7064_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.12.023","volume":"251","author":"PM Candy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Candy PM, Waghorn T, Miller C, Ganesh S, Leathwick D. The effect on liveweight gain of using anthelmintics with incomplete efficacy against resistant Cooperia oncophora in cattle. Vet Parasitol. 2018;251:56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.12.023.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2006.36713","volume":"54","author":"R Jackson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jackson R, Rhodes AP, Pomroy WE, Leathwick DM, West DM, Waghorn TS, et\u00a0al. Anthelmintic resistance and management of nematode parasites on beef cattle- rearing farms in the North Island of New Zealand. NZ Vet J. 2006;54:289\u201396.","journal-title":"NZ Vet J"},{"key":"7064_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020062","volume":"27","author":"H Rose Vineer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rose Vineer H, Morgan ER, Hertzberg H, Bartley DJ, Bosco A, Charlier J, et\u00a0al. Increasing importance of anthelmintic resistance in European livestock: creation and meta-analysis of an open database. Parasite. 2020;27:69.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"7064_CR119","first-page":"163","volume":"5","author":"T Geurden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geurden T, Chartier C, Fanke J, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Traversa D, vonSamson-Himmelstjerna G, et\u00a0al. Anthelmintic resistance to ivermectin and moxidectin in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Europe. Int J Parasitol. 2015;5:163\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X20000085","volume":"94","author":"C Chartier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chartier C, Ravinet N, Bosco A, Dufourd E, Gadanho M, Chauvin A, et\u00a0al. Assessment of anthelmintic efficacy against cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in western France and southern Italy. J Helminthol. 2020;94:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022149X20000085.","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"7064_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2019.12.007","volume":"25","author":"M Zajickov\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zajickov\u00e1 M, Nguyen L, Sk\u00e1lov\u00e1 L, Raisov\u00e1 L, Matouskov\u00e1 P. Anthelmintics in the future: current trends in the discovery and development of new drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes. Drug Discov Today. 2020;25:430\u20137.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"7064_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9697-3","volume":"61","author":"EC Mendes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mendes EC, Mendes MC, Sato ME. Diagnosis of amitraz resistance in Brazilian populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) with larval immersion test. Exp Appl Acarol. 2013;61:357\u201369.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7064_CR123","unstructured":"Andreotti, R., Garcia, M., Koller, W. Carrapatos na cadeia produtiva de bovinos. In: Controle estrat\u00e9gico dos carrapatos nos bovinos. Embrapa, 2019; p 125 ISBN 978\u201385\u20137035- 230\u20139."},{"key":"7064_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-019-00446-5","volume":"79","author":"MP Calvano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calvano MP, Brumatti RC, Garcia MV, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Economic efficiency of Rhipicephalus microplus control and effect on beef cattle performance in the Brazilian Cerrado. Exp Appl Acarol. 2019;79:459\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-019-00446-5.","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"7064_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612013005000006","volume":"22","author":"JT Raynal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raynal JT, Silva AA, Sousa TD, Bahiense TC, Meyer R, Portela RW. Acaricides efficiency on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from Bahia state North-Central region. Braz J Vet Parasitol. 2013;22:71\u20137.","journal-title":"Braz J Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0014-2012","volume":"46","author":"A Domingos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domingos A, Antunes S, Borges L, Ros\u00e1rio V. Approaches towards tick and tick-borne diseases control. Rev DaSoc Bras DeMed Tropical. 2013;46:265\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0037-8682-0014-2012.","journal-title":"Rev DaSoc Bras DeMed Tropical"},{"key":"7064_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00177-5","volume":"29","author":"JE Frisch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Frisch JE. Towards a permanent solution for controlling cattle ticks. Int J Parasitol. 1999;29:57\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00177-5.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"7064_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1071\/AN18487","volume":"59","author":"H Burrow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burrow H, Mans B, Cardoso F, Birkett M, Kotze A, Hayes B, et\u00a0al. Towards a new phenotype for tick resistance in beef and dairy cattle: a review. Anim Prod Sci. 2019;59:1401\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/AN18487.","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"7064_CR129","unstructured":"Bliss D. Parasite Control Strategies for Dairy Cattle in the 1990's. Somerville, NJ: Hoechst- Roussel Agri-Vet Co. 1996;Somerville, NJ: Hoechst- Roussel Agri-Vet Co."},{"key":"7064_CR130","unstructured":"www.msd-animal-health.com\/products\/ruminants\/#parasite-control. Safe-Guard\u00ae (Fenbendazole)\/Panacur\u00ae (Fenbendazole). Accessed 1 May 2022."}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07064-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07064-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07064-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T13:02:55Z","timestamp":1764680575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07064-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07064-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors (TS, RPL, and ST) are employees of MSD Animal Health (Merck Animal Health in the USA) and as such receive salary and other payment to be part of the commercial pharmaceutical business. MSD Animal Health exists as an inventor, manufacturer, and distributor of parasiticide products that can be used to treat or prevent parasite infestation in animals.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"495"}}