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Funded by the European Union \u2013 Next Generation EU.","award":["Project No. LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. LX22NPO5103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., bacteria originally isolated from tropical plants, have also been identified in various insect species, including blood-feeding ones. Their ability to colonize different host tissues and transmit vertically between generations makes these bacteria good candidates for paratransgenesis. However, most existing data derived from studies on mosquitoes and other important vectors, such as phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), remain understudied. In this study, we investigated the ability of wild-type\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia siamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia krungthepensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and a genetically modified strain of\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      expressing the\n                      <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                      surface protein (\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>WSP<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) to colonize\n                      <jats:italic>Phlebotomus duboscqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In addition, we studied their vertical transmission and their interactions with\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n                      during superinfection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Phlebotomus duboscqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      females were provided with\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      via a sugar meal. Bacterial presence and vertical transmission were assessed using both cultivation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In superinfection experiments, females were first offered sugar containing\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , followed by a blood meal infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Le. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The outcomes of superinfection were assessed by cultivation, PCR, and microscopically. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher\u2019s exact or Chi-squared tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All tested\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains colonized the gut of\n                      <jats:italic>Ph. duboscqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Both\n                      <jats:italic>A. siamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. krungthepensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were vertically transmitted to the progeny via egg smearing. These bacteria did not affect the infection rate and intensity of\n                      <jats:italic>Le. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection on days 2 and 5 post blood meal (pbm). However, by day 8 pbm, both species significantly reduced\n                      <jats:italic>Le. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection intensity. Moreover,\n                      <jats:italic>A. krungthepensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly increased the proportion of metacyclic forms. Interestingly\n                      <jats:italic>Asaia<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>WSP<\/jats:sup>\n                      did not have a significant effect on\n                      <jats:italic>Le. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      development in\n                      <jats:italic>Ph. duboscqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrated for the first time that\n                      <jats:italic>A. siamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. krungthepensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      can infect\n                      <jats:italic>Ph. duboscqi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and be vertically transmitted to the next generation via egg smearing. These bacteria affect the late phase of\n                      <jats:italic>Le. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, which could have important epidemiological consequences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07075-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:09:34Z","timestamp":1761120574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Asaia bacteria on Leishmania major development in sand flies: implications for vector control strategies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marketa","family":"Stejskalova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Jancarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Pruzinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Capova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Varotto-Boccazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Epis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Volf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad021","volume":"14","author":"H Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi H, Yu X, Cheng G. 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