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This study explored the geographical origin and genetic profiles of\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections imported into Europe and diagnosed in a network of 11 European centres specialized in traveller and migrant health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genetic profiles were obtained from DNA extracted from concentrated\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      eggs or\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive samples (faeces, urine, biopsy) collected during routine diagnostic procedures. The species-specific cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) diagnostic region and the standard complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS)\u00a01\u2009+\u2009ITS2 (ITS1\u2009+\u20092) ribosomal DNA region were amplified and sequenced, together with a partial region of 18S ribosomal DNA in selected cases. Prevalences of the different genetic profiles within the whole patient cohort and by country\/geographical area of possible infection were analysed. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the larger\n                      <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (~\u2009956\u00a0base pairs) sequences dataset.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 94 samples were available for analysis, 36 from patients with a diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis and 58 with urinary schistosomiasis, all acquired in a sub-Saharan African country. Mitochondrial (mt)\n                      <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , nuclear ITS1\u2009+\u20092 and\/or 18S (mt\/nuclear) genotypes were successfully obtained from 51\/94 (54%) samples; while for 43\/94 (46%) samples, only a partial mt genotype was obtained. Infections with\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      were identified in the majority of cases (66\/94; 70%), while mixed\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. genetic profiles, which were identified in 30% (28\/94) of the samples, were almost exclusively (27\/28; 96%) associated with cases of urinary schistosomiasis. Among the urinary infections, almost half (27\/58; 47%) could be identified as having a mixed genetic profile. These mostly (26\/28; 93%) included genetic traits of\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and all were from patients probably infected in West Africa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infections with\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      represent the majority of cases of schistosomiasis currently being diagnosed in Europe; however, mixed\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      genetic profiles (mostly\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium\/S. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were identified in at least 30% of samples. Our results call for a coordinated effort encompassing prompt diagnosis and treatment of\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections, together with monitoring of the possible introduction of species of\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      and establishment of their autochthonous transmission under suitable conditions in Europe.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07164-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:37:15Z","timestamp":1765816635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating genetic profiles of cases of  Schistosoma spp.  imported into Europe: a cohort from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Clinical Parasitology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Pomari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam J.","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Arsuaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bottieau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bouchaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Camprubi-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Concu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"de Miguel Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Koelewijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Marteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Rothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Schunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Goterris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Van Esbroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap J.","family":"van Hellemond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Wammes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Zammarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Pettene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Scarso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico G.","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7164_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","volume":"4","author":"DP McManus","year":"2018","unstructured":"McManus DP, Dunne DW, Sacko M, Utzinger J, Vennervald BJ, Zhou XN. 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