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Apical membrane antigens (AMAs), conserved proteins in apicomplexan parasites, are critical for host cell invasion, making them promising vaccine targets. In this study, we constructed an the overexpression strain of\n                      <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2 (\n                      <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2-OE) and evaluated its pathogenicity and immunogenicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Transcriptional profiling of\n                      <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2 during infection was conducted using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A homozygous\n                      <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2-OE strain was generated using plasmid transfection, drug selection, and flow cytometry. Pathogenicity was assessed through in\u00a0vitro sporozoite invasion assays and in\u00a0vivo evaluations, including cecal lesion scoring, oocyst shedding, and weigh-gain monitoring in chicks. Furthermore, immunogenicity was evaluated by challenging immunized chicks with wild-type\n                      <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2-OE strain significantly enhanced invasion efficiency and pathogenicity, causing severe cecal pathology, increased oocyst output, and weight loss. Importantly, immunization with\n                      <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2-OE conferred substantial immunity, resulting in significantly reduced oocyst shedding and markedly attenuated cecal lesions in immunized chicks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present data indicated that\n                      <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>\n                      AMA2 had dual functions as a virulence factor critical for early invasion and a promising vaccine antigen. This study thereby provided new insights for future drug target screening and development of a vaccine against coccidiosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07185-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1765039523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eimeria tenella apical membrane 2 overexpression enhances pathogenicity and immunity in chickens"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shanbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanghe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunhai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"7185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021047","volume":"28","author":"T Madlal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madlal T, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA. 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