{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:42:09Z","timestamp":1770453729018,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012895","name":"Zoetis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Asian longhorned tick) is an invasive species now established in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic USA. It feeds on mammalian wildlife, livestock, birds, cats, dogs, and humans. Simparica\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      and Simparica Trio\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      contain sarolaner, a drug in the isoxazoline class, with activity against fleas, ticks, and mites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two laboratory studies were conducted using 30 dogs each, randomized into three groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910\/group): placebo (Pet Tabs\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), Simparica Trio (minimum dose: 1.2\u00a0mg\/kg sarolaner, 24\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg moxidectin, 5\u00a0mg\/kg pyrantel, as pamoate salt), and Simparica (minimum dose: 2.0\u00a0mg\/kg sarolaner). Treatments were administered once orally on Day 0 according to the approved commercial dosing directions. Each dog was infested with 50 (\u00b1\u20095) unfed viable adult female\n                      <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                      on Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 30, 37, 49, and 63, and ticks were counted with removal and categorization at 48\u00a0h after treatment and each subsequent infestation. Ectoparasitic efficacy was calculated on the basis of the reduction in arithmetic mean of live and dead tick counts in each of the treated groups versus the untreated control group for every time point post infestation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adequate challenge was demonstrated in both studies on the basis of live tick counts at each time point. For all sarolaner-treated groups, mean live counts were significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.0005) lower than those for the placebo at all time points. For Simparica, in Study 1, the percentage reductions were 100% for all time points up to Day 39. On Days 51 and 65, the percentage reductions were 98.9% and 82.4%, respectively. In Study 2, reductions were 99.7\u2013100% up to Day 65. For Simparica Trio, in Study 1, percentage reductions were 100% up to Day 51. On Day 65, the percentage reduction was 78.4%. In Study 2, reductions were 99.6\u2013100% up to Day 39 and 97.6% and 94.1% on Days 51 and 65, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results from these controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy (78.4\u2013100%) of Simparica and Simparica Trio in reducing existing and subsequent infestations of\n                      <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n                      within 48\u00a0h for up to 65\u00a0days post treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07202-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T17:04:53Z","timestamp":1768151093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of sarolaner in Simparica\u00ae (sarolaner) chewables and Simparica Trio\u00ae (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) against two US strains of Haemaphysalis longicornis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"DeMarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7202_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.12.007","volume":"39","author":"M Yabsley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yabsley M, Thompson AT. Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick). Trends Parasitol. 2023;39:305\u20136.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"7202_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmaa019","volume":"11","author":"BL Schappach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schappach BL, Krell RK, Hornbostel VL, Connally NP. Exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States: biology, ecology, and strategies for management. J Integr Pest Manag. 2020;11:1\u201311.","journal-title":"J Integr Pest Manag"},{"key":"7202_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71312","volume":"15","author":"ZE Narvaez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Narvaez ZE, Egizi AM, Yabsley MJ, Thompson AT, Moustafa M, Alt E, et\u00a0al. Multiple introductions of the Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) to the United States revealed using mitogenomics. Ecol Evol. 2025;15:e71312.","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"7202_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12719","volume":"38","author":"A Eleftheriou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eleftheriou A, Zeiger B, Jennings J, Pesapane R. Phenology and habitat associations of the invasive Asian longhorned tick from Ohio, USA. Med Vet Entomol. 2024;38:314\u201324.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"7202_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa076","volume":"57","author":"HM Stanley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stanley HM, Ford SL, Snellgrove AN, Hartzer K, Smith EB, Krapiunaya I, et\u00a0al. The ability of the invasive Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) to acquire and transmit Rickettsia rickettsii (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), the agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, under laboratory conditions. J Med Entomol. 2020;57:1635\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7202_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2803.210973","volume":"28","author":"WR Raney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raney WR, Perry JB, Hermance ME. Transovarial transmission of heartland virus by invasive Asian longhorned ticks under laboratory conditions. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28:726\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"7202_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.923914","volume":"12","author":"WR Raney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raney WR, Herslebs EJ, Langohr IM, Stone MC, Hermance ME. Horizontal and vertical transmission of Powassan virus by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, under laboratory conditions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:923914.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"7202_CR8","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. National Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick) situation report as of April 22, 2025. In: The Tick App. Texas A&M AgriLife. 2025. https:\/\/tickapp.tamu.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2025\/05\/Longhorned-Tick-SitRep-2025-04-22.pdf. Accessed 25 Sep 2025."},{"key":"7202_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.015","volume":"222","author":"RH Six","year":"2016","unstructured":"Six RH, Geurden T, Packianathan R, Colgan S, Everett WR, Grace S, et\u00a0al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a novel oral formulation of sarolaner (Simparica\u2122) for the treatment and control of fleas on dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2016;222:18\u201322.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7202_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.12.023","volume":"30","author":"RH Six","year":"2016","unstructured":"Six RH, Everett WR, Young DR, Carter L, Mahabir SP, Honsberger NA, et\u00a0al. Efficacy of a novel oral formulation of sarolaner (Simparica\u2122) against five common tick species infesting dogs in the United States. Vet Parasitol. 2016;30:28\u201332.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7202_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.027","volume":"222","author":"RH Six","year":"2016","unstructured":"Six RH, Becskei C, Mazaleski MM, Fourie JJ, Mahabir SP, Myers MR, et\u00a0al. Efficacy of sarolaner, a novel oral isooxazoline, against two common mite infestations in dogs: Demodex spp. and Otodectes cynotis. Vet Parasitol. 2016;222:62\u20136.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7202_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3765-4","volume":"12","author":"K Oda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oda K, Yonetake W, Fujii T, Hodge A, Six RH, Maeder S. Efficacy of sarolaner (Simparica\u00ae) against induced infestations of Haemaphysalis longicornis on dogs. 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J.R., S.J., L.T., J.D., K.B., and M.M. were employees of Zoetis at the time of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"75"}}