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The \u201chygiene hypothesis\u201d links parasitic infections to the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma. Recombinant\n                      <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      P29 protein (r\n                      <jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>\n                      .P29) has been shown to induce the conversion of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009T cells to Th1 in mice, and is widely sourced for translational applications given its composition and biological safety compared with using fine-grained\n                      <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      or antigenic extracts of cystic fluid. However, its effects on allergic asthma remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used experiments to investigate how r\n                      <jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>\n                      .P29 relieves airway inflammation in mice with allergic asthma and understand the underlying immune mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lung histiocytes from mice were examined using single-cell transcriptome sequencing in combination with experimental methods, such as flow cytometry. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), ovalbumin (OVA)-IgE, and inflammatory factors were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and cytometric bead array. Finally, cellular communication analysis of target immune cells was performed using bioinformatics approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      r\n                      <jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>\n                      .P29 significantly alleviated OVA-induced histopathological changes in the lungs of mice with allergic asthma; downregulated serum IgE levels; reduced lung tissue eosinophils, Th2, and Th17 cells; and increased Th1 and Treg cells in mouse lung tissues. The possibility of an interconversion between proliferative pathogenic Th2 cells and stem cell-like Th2 cells was noted. In Treg cells, Nr4a1 targets were detected, and a Lag3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tnfrsf9\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Treg cell population was identified, which may play an important immunosuppressive role. Finally, CellChat analysis showed significant interactions between stem cell-like Th2 and Th1 cells, proliferative pathogenic Th2 and stem cell-like Th2 cells, and Treg and Th1 cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      r\n                      <jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>\n                      .P29 can effectively alleviate OVA-induced airway inflammation in mice with allergic asthma, and multiple T cell subpopulations in lung tissues are collectively involved in the immunological effects of r\n                      <jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>\n                      .P29.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07256-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:04:05Z","timestamp":1770833045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals immunological mechanisms by which recombinant Echinococcus granulosus P29 protein alleviates airway inflammation in mice with allergic asthma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leiji","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rou","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zexin","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52252-2","volume":"15","author":"K Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao K, Gu X, Song Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Yu X, et al. 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