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Medicinal mollusks act as intermediate hosts for multiple parasitic diseases, yet their distribution patterns and public health implications along the northern shore of Lake Taihu remain insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Field surveys were conducted between 2022 and 2023 at 48 sampling sites in Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, and Gonghu Bay. A total of 1605 mollusk samples were collected using multiple sampling methods. Species were identified morphologically, and diversity indices were calculated. Spatial hotspots were analyzed using ArcGIS, and a mollusk-parasite network was constructed using Cytoscape. Inter-bay differences were assessed using statistical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty mollusk species were identified, with Viviparidae showing the highest density and Planorbidae the greatest species richness.\n                      <jats:italic>Sinotaia aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the dominant species.\n                      <jats:italic>Radix swinhoei<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>R. plicatula<\/jats:italic>\n                      occupied key positions within the parasite transmission network. Zhushan Bay exhibited the lowest community evenness, and hotspot analysis identified spatially aggregated high-risk areas.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medicinal mollusks along the northern shore of Lake Taihu exhibit high diversity and density, with Zhushan Bay representing a critical area for parasite transmission. Targeted control strategies focusing on key host species and high-risk ecological nodes are recommended to support risk early-warning systems and reduce regional mollusk-borne parasitic disease risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07273-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T05:16:33Z","timestamp":1771391793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ecological patterns and spatial distribution of medicinal mollusks in a freshwater ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Junhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025443910836","volume":"493","author":"C G\u00e9rard","year":"2003","unstructured":"G\u00e9rard C, Blanc A, Costil K. 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