{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:40:31Z","timestamp":1787020831140,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT, PE13 INF-ACT, Nodes 2 and 4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT, PE13 INF-ACT, Nodes 2 and 4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tuscan Archipelago National Park"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tick-borne rickettsioses, caused by bacteria of the spotted fever group (SFG)\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are emerging infectious diseases whose emergence and spread are often affected by climate and land-use changes. Here, we report the results of monitoring\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalomma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. ticks in the protected area of Pianosa island (Tuscany (Italy) and subsequently investigating their bacterial community through metabarcoding sequencing. In this study, based on analyses of 575 tick specimens distributed in 120 pools, we recorded a high prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia aeschlimannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (58% and 75%\n                    <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                    - and 17\u00a0kDa-Ag protein-positive pools, respectively), an agent of the SFG group in\n                    <jats:italic>H. marginatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings support the need for warnings on the risk of transmission of spotted fever rickettsiosis to both residents and visitors and underline the need for enhanced surveillance, public awareness and preventive measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07281-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:03:27Z","timestamp":1770134607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High prevalence of the Mediterranean spotted fever agent Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma marginatum ticks from Pianosa island, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Alba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Tagliapietra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Forbicioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Capitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorentino","family":"Stravino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Onorati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Ianzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Arnoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"De Liberato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annapaola","family":"Rizzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"7281_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121906","volume":"8","author":"M Piotrowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piotrowski M, Rymaszewska A. Expansion of tick-borne rickettsioses in the world. Microorganisms. 2020;8:1906.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"7281_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.10.035","volume":"3","author":"JA Oteo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oteo JA, Portillo A. Tick-borne rickettsioses in Europe. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012;3:271\u20138.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7281_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-13","volume":"26","author":"P Parola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parola P, Paddock CD, Socolovschi C, Labruna MB, Mediannikov O, Kernif T, et al. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:657\u2013702.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"7281_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040732","volume":"15","author":"R Ros\u00e0","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ros\u00e0 R, Andreo V, Tagliapietra V, Bar\u00e1kov\u00e1 I, Arnoldi D, Hauffe HC, et al. Effect of climate and land use on the spatio-temporal variability of tick-borne bacteria in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:732.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"7281_CR5","unstructured":"European Commission. LIFE 3.0\u2014LIFE Project. https:\/\/webgate.ec.europa.eu\/life\/publicWebsite\/project\/LIFE13-NAT-IT-000471\/island-conservation-in-tuscany-restoring-habitat-not-only-for-birds. Accessed 11 Sep 2025."},{"key":"7281_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riga F, Trocchi V, Giannini F, Gotti C, Baccetti N. Is Lepus europaeus native to Pianosa Island? In: XI Congresso Italiano di Teriologia, 20\u201322 June 2018, Florence. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.22800.71682","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.22800.71682"},{"key":"7281_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2022.08.008","volume":"19","author":"I Guarniero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guarniero I, Bellinello E, Trocchi V, Giannini F, Sulliotti V, Stancampiano L. Helminth biocoenosis of Lepus europaeus meridiei (Hilzheimer, 1906) from Pianosa island, Italy. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2022;19:105\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"7281_CR8","unstructured":"Trocchi V, Gotti C, Geminiani C, Giannini F, Mallia E, Mengoni C, et al. A refuge for Lepus europaeus meridiei Hilzheimer, 1906. In: ECCB\u20147th European Congress of Conservation Biology, 17\u201321 June 2024, Bologna."},{"key":"7281_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062117","volume":"17","author":"AM Buczek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buczek AM, Buczek W, Buczek A, Bartosik K. The potential role of migratory birds in the rapid spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in the changing climatic and environmental conditions in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:2117.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"7281_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/birds6020031","volume":"6","author":"M Alves Rodrigues","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alves Rodrigues M, Lesiczka P, Fontes MdaC, Cardoso L, Coelho AC. The expanding threat of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus: role of migratory birds and climate change as drivers of Hyalomma spp. dispersal in Europe. Birds. 2025;6:31.","journal-title":"Birds"},{"key":"7281_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11091056","volume":"11","author":"E Mancuso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mancuso E, Toma L, Pascucci I, d\u2019Alessio SG, Marini V, Quaglia M, et al. Direct and indirect role of migratory birds in spreading CCHFV and WNV: a multidisciplinary study on three stop-over islands in Italy. Pathogens. 2022;11:1056.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"7281_CR12","unstructured":"Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano. Bilancio di sostenibilit\u00e0. 2024. https:\/\/sostenibilita.islepark.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PNAT-BS2024__web.pdf. Accessed 11 Sep 2025."},{"key":"7281_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, et al. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37:852\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"7281_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","volume":"13","author":"BJ Callahan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJA, Holmes SP. DADA2: high resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods. 2016;13:581\u20133.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"7281_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","volume":"41","author":"C Quast","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:D590\u20136.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"7281_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2021.100037","volume":"1","author":"TL Greay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greay TL, Evasco KL, Evans ML, Oskam CL, Magni PA, Ryan UM, et al. Illuminating the bacterial microbiome of Australian ticks with 16S and Rickettsia-specific next-generation sequencing. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2021;1:100037.","journal-title":"Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"7281_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a A, Mihalca AD, Petney TN, editors. Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63760-0"},{"key":"7281_CR18","first-page":"2630","volume":"20","author":"A Tosoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tosoni A, Mirijello A, Ciervo A, Mancini F, Rezza G, Damiano F, et al. Human Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection: first case with acute hepatitis and review of the literature. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20:2630\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"7281_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11050303","volume":"11","author":"F Valc\u00e1rcel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valc\u00e1rcel F, Gonz\u00e1lez J, Gonz\u00e1lez MG, S\u00e1nchez M, Tercero JM, Elhachimi L, et al. Comparative ecology of Hyalomma lusitanicum and Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Insects. 2020;11:303.","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"7281_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1458","volume":"14","author":"L Toma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toma L, Mancini F, Di Luca M, Cecere JG, Bianchi R, Khoury C, et al. Detection of microbial agents in ticks collected from migratory birds in Central Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;14:199\u2013205.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"7281_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01037.x","volume":"27","author":"A Movila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Movila A, Alekseev AN, Dubinina HV, Toderas I. Detection of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from migratory birds in the Baltic region of Russia. Med Vet Entomol. 2013;27:113\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"7281_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2612.181686","volume":"26","author":"E Battisti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Battisti E, Urach K, Hod\u017ei\u0107 A, Fusani L, Hufnagl P, Felsberger G, et al. Zoonotic pathogens in ticks from migratory birds, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:2986\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"7281_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-318","volume":"7","author":"K Wallm\u00e9nius","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wallm\u00e9nius K, Barboutis C, Fransson T, Jaenson TG, Lindgren PE, Nystr\u00f6m F, et al. Spotted fever Rickettsia species in Hyalomma and Ixodes ticks infesting migratory birds in the European Mediterranean area. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:318.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7281_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1046","volume":"13","author":"L Tomassone","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomassone L, Grego E, Auricchio D, Iori A, Giannini F, Rambozzi L. Lyme borreliosis spirochetes and spotted fever group Rickettsiae in ixodid ticks from Pianosa Island, Tuscany Archipelago, Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013;13:84\u201391.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"7281_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e992","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14379","volume":"69","author":"S Remesar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Remesar S, Castro-Scholten S, Cano-Terriza D, D\u00edaz P, Morrondo P, Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00edn D, et al. Molecular identification of zoonotic Rickettsia species in Ixodidae parasitizing wild lagomorphs from Mediterranean ecosystems. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022;69:e992-1004.","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"7281_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01256-24","volume":"12","author":"C Joly-Kukla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joly-Kukla C, Bernard C, Bru D, Galon C, Giupponi C, Huber K, et al. Spatial patterns of Hyalomma marginatum-borne pathogens in the Occitanie region (France), a focus on the intriguing dynamics of Rickettsia aeschlimannii. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12:e01256-24.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"7281_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112080","volume":"28","author":"N Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang N, Ye RZ, Yu HJ, Han XY, Tian D, Gao WY, et al. Genomic characteristics of emerging human pathogen Rickettsia aeschlimannii isolated from two Hyalomma tick species. iScience. 2025;28:112080.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"7281_CR28","unstructured":"Sposimo P, Capizzi D, Cencetti T, Pietro FD, Giannini F, Gotti C, et al. Rat and lagomorph eradication on two large islands of central Mediterranean: differences in island morphology and consequences on methods, problems and targets. In: Veitch CR, Clout MN, Martin AR, Russell JC, West CJ, editors. Island invasives: scaling up to meet the challenge. Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature; 2019. p. 231\u2013235. (Occasional Paper SSC; no. 62)."},{"key":"7281_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11070770","volume":"11","author":"D Da Re","year":"2019","unstructured":"Da Re D, De Clercq EM, Tordoni E, Madder M, Rousseau R, Vanwambeke SO. Looking for ticks from space: using remotely sensed spectral diversity to assess Amblyomma and Hyalomma tick abundance. Remote Sens. 2019;11:770.","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"7281_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100","volume":"100","author":"K LoGiudice","year":"2003","unstructured":"LoGiudice K, Ostfeld RS, Schmidt KA, Keesing F. The ecology of infectious disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:567\u201371.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7281_CR31","first-page":"31","volume":"5","author":"MR Colom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Colom MR, Vaccari FP, Scartazza A, Brugnoli E, Zerbi G, Sforzi S et al. Pianosa island: structure, functioning and biodiversity of main ecosystems. J Mediterr Ecol. 2004;5:31\u201340.","journal-title":"J Mediterr Ecol"},{"key":"7281_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f11030334","volume":"11","author":"M Sarti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarti M, Vaccari FP, Calfapietra C, Brugnoli E, Scartazza A. A statistical approach to detect land cover changes in Mediterranean ecosystems using multi-temporal Landsat data: the case study of Pianosa Island, Italy. Forests. 2020;11:334.","journal-title":"Forests"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07281-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07281-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07281-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:37:16Z","timestamp":1772620636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07281-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07281-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7996641\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"102"}}