{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:14:29Z","timestamp":1783394069274,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"MicroBIOMES","award":["CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01"]}]},{"name":"CONTROLE","award":["ref. GY0010695, FEDER\/2017\/N\u00b07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ref. GY0010695, FEDER\/2017\/N\u00b07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      French Guiana is home to one of the highest mosquito diversities in the world, with currently 242 species recorded, nearly half of them belonging to the genus\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These mosquitoes include vectors of human parasites and viruses, some of which are of significant public health concern. Understanding the host preferences of female\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes is essential but knowledge is still limited. The Zoo of French Guiana was chosen as an experimental site for its constant availability of diverse captive animals and a potential sentinel role for monitoring infectious diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between February 2018 and January 2019, 7892 adult mosquitoes were collected from 42 potential resting sites using manual aspiration. Blood-fed\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted for 81% of the total number of blood-fed mosquitoes. Of these, 510\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      female specimens were identified to species level by DNA barcoding, and their blood meals and parasites were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 27\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were identified at the zoo, and their blood meals revealed a broad range of vertebrate hosts, with relatively few being human.\n                      <jats:italic>Culex eastor<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Culex vaxus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the two most common species, feeding mainly on\n                      <jats:italic>Tapirus terrestris<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Iguana iguana<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. In addition, 60% of the mosquito species were infected with blood parasites, either known or novel (haemosporidian and kinetoplastid parasites).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides baseline insights into the diversity, the host associations, and the parasite communities of\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes in French Guiana. The zoo appears to be a valuable sentinel site, with mosquitoes feeding on a wide range of vertebrates, providing a foundation for future monitoring and research on mosquito\u2013host\u2013pathogen interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07377-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T14:43:22Z","timestamp":1778683402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Culex mosquitoes in a French Guiana zoo: insights on species diversity, feeding habits, and parasitic associations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Amandine","family":"Guidez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Lacour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Talaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romuald","family":"Carinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gaborit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Bremand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourakhata","family":"Tirera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Rouges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9deric","family":"Ariey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lavergne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dusfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Duchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"7377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153618","volume":"58","author":"W Takken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takken W, Verhulst NO. Host preferences of blood-feeding mosquitoes. Annu Rev Entomol. 2013;58:433\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153618.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"7377_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.6.1143","volume":"45","author":"G Molaei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Diuk-Wasser M. Host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in Connecticut, USA: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia. J Med Entomol. 2008;45:1143\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmedent\/45.6.1143.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7377_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","volume":"451","author":"KE Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008;451:990\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06536.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7377_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01012.x","volume":"26","author":"HC Tuten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tuten HC, Bridges WC, Paul KS, Adler PH. Blood-feeding ecology of mosquitoes in zoos. Med Vet Entomol. 2012;26:407\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01012.x.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"7377_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040082","volume":"4","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Daszak P. West Nile Virus epidemics in North America are driven by shifts in mosquito feeding behavior. PLoS Biol. 2006;4:e82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040082.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"7377_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.001","volume":"22","author":"CA Bradley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bradley CA, Altizer S. Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases. Trends Ecol Evol. 2007;22:95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.001.","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"7377_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.67","author":"G Ludwig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ludwig G, Calle P, Mangiafico J, Raphael R, Danner D, Hile J, et al. An outbreak of West Nile virus in a New York City captive wildlife population. Am J Trop Med Hyg; 2002;67.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.67.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"7377_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.2007.00019.x","volume":"41","author":"T McNAmara","year":"2007","unstructured":"McNAmara T. The role of zoos in biosurveillance. Int Zoo Yearb. 2007;41:12\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1090.2007.00019.x.","journal-title":"Int Zoo Yearb"},{"key":"7377_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120709-144741","author":"A Adler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adler A, Tutan H, Nelder M. Arthropods of medicoveterinary importance in zoos. Annu Rev Entomol. 2011;56:123-42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-ento-120709-144741.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"7377_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06327-5","volume":"118","author":"EC Heym","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heym EC, Kampen H, Krone O, Sch\u00e4fer M, Werner D. Molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens from mosquitoes collected in two zoological gardens in Germany. Parasitol Res. 2019;118:2097\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06327-5.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7377_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05060.x","volume":"104","author":"R Atkinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atkinson R, Migues PV, Hunter M, Rostas JAP. Molecular changes in the intermediate medial mesopallium after a one trial avoidance learning in immature and mature chickens. J Neurochem. 2008;104:891\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05060.x.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"7377_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4878-0","volume":"115","author":"CRF Chagas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chagas CRF, de Guimar\u00e3es LO, Monteiro EF, Valki\u016bnas G, Katayama MV, Santos SV, et al. Hemosporidian parasites of free-living birds in the S\u00e3o Paulo Zoo, Brazil. Parasitol Res. 2016;115:1443\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-015-4878-0.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7377_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12350","volume":"33","author":"EC Heym","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heym EC, Kampen H, Sch\u00e4fer M, Walther D. Mosquito bloodmeal preferences in two zoological gardens in Germany. Med Vet Entomol. 2019;33:203\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mve.12350.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"7377_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.01.005","volume":"25","author":"IN Lyimo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lyimo IN, Ferguson HM. Ecological and evolutionary determinants of host species choice in mosquito vectors. Trends Parasitol. 2009;25:189\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2009.01.005.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"7377_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49793-9","volume":"14","author":"OC Villena","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villena OC, McClure KM, Camp RJ, LaPointe DA, Atkinson CT, Sofaer HR, et al. Environmental and geographical factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Hawai\u2018i. Sci Rep. 2024;14:604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-49793-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7377_CR16","first-page":"52","volume":"17","author":"TV Gaffigan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gaffigan TV, Ward RA. Index to the second supplement to \u201cA Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World\u201d, with corrections and additions (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst. 1985;17:52\u201363.","journal-title":"Mosq Syst"},{"key":"7377_CR17","volume-title":"A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae)","author":"KL Knight","year":"1977","unstructured":"Knight KL, Stone A. A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2nd ed. College Park: Entomological Society of America; 1977.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"7377_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"JE Pecor","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pecor JE, Mallampalli VL, Harbach RE, Peyton EL. Catalog and illustrated review of the subgenus Melanoconion of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst (USA). 1992;27:1\u2013228.","journal-title":"Contrib Am Entomol Inst (USA)"},{"key":"7377_CR19","unstructured":"Harbach RE. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. Accessed 01 January 2026 http:\/\/mosquitotaxonomic-inventory.info\/."},{"key":"7377_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310571","volume":"20","author":"S Talaga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Talaga S, Guidez A, de Thoisy B, Lavergne A, Carinci R, Gaborit P, et al. A DNA barcode library for Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of South America with the description of two cryptic species of subgenus Melanoconion. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0310571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0310571.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7377_CR21","first-page":"13","volume":"47","author":"TS Detinova","year":"1962","unstructured":"Detinova TS. Age-grouping methods in Diptera of medical importance with special reference to some vectors of malaria. Monogr Ser World Health Organ. 1962;47:13\u2013191.","journal-title":"Monogr Ser World Health Organ"},{"key":"7377_CR22","first-page":"294","volume":"3","author":"O Folmer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994;3:294\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol"},{"key":"7377_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2003.0025","volume":"270","author":"PDN Hebert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hebert PDN, Ratnasingham S, de Waard JR. Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc Biol Sci. 2003;270:S96\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2003.0025.","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"7377_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02692.x","volume":"9","author":"S Bensch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bensch S, Hellgren O, P\u00e9rez-Tris J. MalAvi: a public database of malaria parasites and related haemosporidians in avian hosts based on mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages. Mol Ecol Resour. 2009;9:1353\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02692.x.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"7377_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","volume":"35","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol. 2018;35:1547\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msy096.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"7377_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74235-5","volume":"14","author":"MP Machado-Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Machado-Silva MP, de Abreu FVS, Alves FM, Aquino-Teixeira SM, de Oliveira F, Dario MA, et al. High infection prevalences by Trypanosoma minasense in non-human primates from the Southeast region of Brazil. Sci Rep. 2024;14:30669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-74235-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7377_CR27","first-page":"171","volume":"99","author":"B Rotureau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rotureau B. Trypanosomatid (Protozoa, Kinetoplastida) parasites of sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra). Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2006;99:171\u20135.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"7377_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0602","volume":"46","author":"GM Vazquez-Prokopec","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Galvin WA, Kelly R, Kitron U. A new, cost-effective, battery-powered aspirator for adult mosquito collections. J Med Entomol. 2009;46:1256\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/033.046.0602.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7377_CR29","volume-title":"Mosquito ecology: field sampling methods","author":"JB Silver","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silver JB. Mosquito ecology: field sampling methods. Springer Science & Business Media; 2007."},{"key":"7377_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1225-3","volume":"8","author":"P Sriwichai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sriwichai P, Karl S, Samung Y, Sumruayphol S, Kiattibutr K, Payakkapol A, et al. Evaluation of CDC light traps for mosquito surveillance in a malaria endemic area on the Thai-Myanmar border. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-015-1225-3.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7377_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-06050-2","volume":"16","author":"DPA Kabor\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kabor\u00e9 DPA, Soma DD, Gil P, Kientega M, Sawadogo SP, Ou\u00e9draogo GA, et al. Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in contrasting areas of the western regions of Burkina Faso: species diversity, abundance and their implications for pathogen transmission. Parasit Vectors. 2023;16:438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-023-06050-2.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7377_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2012.00233.x","volume":"37","author":"AF Ribeiro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ribeiro AF, Urbinatti PR, de Castro Duarte AMR, de Paula MB, Pereira DM, Mucci LF, et al. Mosquitoes in degraded and preserved areas of the Atlantic Forest and potential for vector-borne disease risk in the municipality of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. J Vector Ecol. 2012;37:316\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2012.00233.x.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"7377_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13112179","volume":"13","author":"LAM Reis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reis LAM, Pampolha ABO, do Nascimento BLS, Dias DD, Ara\u00fajo PAdaS, da Silva FS, et al. Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) as an important potential arbovirus vector in Brazil: An integrative review. Life Basel. 2023;13:2179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13112179.","journal-title":"Life Basel"},{"key":"7377_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012245","volume":"19","author":"JS Griep","year":"2025","unstructured":"Griep JS, Grant E, Pilgrim J, Riabinina O, Baylis M, Wardeh M, et al. Meta-analyses of Culex blood-meals indicates strong regional effect on feeding patterns. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19:e0012245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012245.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"7377_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-015-0115-z","volume":"12","author":"IB Schnell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schnell IB, Sollmann R, Calvignac-Spencer S, Siddall ME, Yu DW, Wilting A, et al. iDNA from terrestrial haematophagous leeches as a wildlife surveying and monitoring tool \u2013 prospects, pitfalls and avenues to be developed. Front Zool. 2015;12:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12983-015-0115-z.","journal-title":"Front Zool"},{"key":"7377_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300060","volume":"35","author":"S Calvignac-Spencer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz FH, Gilbert MTP, Schubert G. An invertebrate stomach\u2019s view on vertebrate ecology. BioEssays. 2013;35:1004\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.201300060.","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"7377_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6478","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14362","volume":"26","author":"A Kocher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kocher A, de Thoisy B, Catzeflis F, Vali\u00e8re S, Ba\u00f1uls A-L, Murienne J. iDNA screening: disease vectors as vertebrate samplers. Mol Ecol. 2017;26:6478\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.14362.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"7377_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2020.e00978","volume":"22","author":"TP Cutajar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cutajar TP, Rowley JJL. Surveying frogs from the bellies of their parasites: invertebrate-derived DNA as a novel survey method for frogs. Glob Ecol Conserv. 2020;22:e00978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gecco.2020.e00978.","journal-title":"Glob Ecol Conserv"},{"key":"7377_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2015-0193","author":"P-S Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee PS, Dong MH, Yan XL, He TY, Yu SF, Wee SL, et al. Blowfly-derived mammal DNA as mammal diversity assessment tool: Determination of dispersal activity and flight range of tropical blowflies. Biodivers Data J. 2023;11:e108438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/BDJ.11.e108438.","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"7377_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12306","volume":"15","author":"G Schubert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schubert G, Stockhausen M, Hoffmann C, Merkel K, Vigilant L, Leendertz FH, et al. Targeted detection of mammalian species using carrion fly-derived DNA. Mol Ecol Resour. 2015;15:285\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1755-0998.12306.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"7377_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.34","volume":"1","author":"C Lynggaard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lynggaard C, Nielsen M, Santos-Bay L, Gastauer M, Oliveira G, Bohmann K. Vertebrate diversity revealed by metabarcoding of bulk arthropod samples from tropical forests. Environmental DNA. 2019;1:329\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/edn3.34.","journal-title":"Environmental DNA"},{"key":"7377_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2001082107","volume":"8","author":"R Lainson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lainson R, Landau I, Paperna I. Plasmodium kentropyxi n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Haemosporina: Plasmodiidae) and a Plasmodium tropiduri-like parasite in the lizard Kentropyx calcarata (Lacertilia: Teiidae) in north Brazil. Parasite. 2001;8:107\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2001082107.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"7377_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-349","volume":"6","author":"IdaC Acosta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Acosta IdaC, da Costa AP, Nunes PH, Gondim MFN, Gatti A, Rossi JL Jr, et al. Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of trypanosome in Tapirus terrestris (lowland tapir), Trypanosoma terrestris sp. nov., from Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2013;6:349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-6-349.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7377_CR44","first-page":"1308","volume":"85","author":"R Dhar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dhar R, Kumar N. Role of mosquito salivary glands. Curr Sci. 2003;85:1308\u201313.","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"7377_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06219-8","volume":"118","author":"ER Schoener","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schoener ER, Harl J, Himmel T, Fragner K, Weissenb\u00f6ck H, Fuehrer H-P. Protozoan parasites in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Vienna. Parasitol Res. 2019;118:1261\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06219-8.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"7377_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1903-9","volume":"9","author":"R Guti\u00e9rrez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-L\u00f3pez R, Mart\u00ednez-de la Puente J, Gangoso L, Yan J, Soriguer RC, Figuerola J. Do mosquitoes transmit the avian malaria-like parasite Haemoproteus? An experimental test of vector competence using mosquito saliva. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1903-9.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7377_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.010405","volume":"7","author":"M Eidson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eidson M, Kramer L, Stone W, Hagiwara Y, Schmit K, New York State West Nile Virus Avian Surveillance Team. Dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:631\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid0704.010405.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"7377_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02685.x","volume":"951","author":"N Komar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Komar N. West Nile virus surveillance using sentinel birds. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;951:58\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02685.x.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"7377_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-153","volume":"9","author":"N Buchebner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buchebner N, Zenker W, Wenker C, Steinmetz HW, S\u00f3s E, Lussy H, et al. Low Usutu virus seroprevalence in four zoological gardens in central Europe. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9:153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1746-6148-9-153.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"7377_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013506","volume":"19","author":"R Beaubaton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beaubaton R, Revel J, Pigeyre L, Bollore K, Lepeule A, Mocq J, et al. Tracking the urban spread of Usutu virus in southern France: detection across biological and environmental matrices. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025;19:e0013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013506.\u00a0","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07377-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07377-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07377-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T02:29:43Z","timestamp":1783391383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07377-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07377-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"274"}}