{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:56:50Z","timestamp":1781135810988,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fleas and ticks can be found globally and are of both veterinary and human health concern due to their ability to transmit various vector-borne diseases. Heavy flea and tick infestations can result in significant blood loss, while flea infestations can result in intense pruritus. The use of safe and effective ectoparasiticides in veterinary medicine is a crucial part of protecting both pets and humans from infestations and transmission of vector-borne diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The efficacy of a novel endectocide, Credelio Quattro, containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel, was evaluated in four masked studies: one against\n                      <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and three against the dose-limiting tick\n                      <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Dogs were orally administered placebo, Credelio Quattro\u2122, lotilaner only (Credelio\u2122, Study 2), or pyrantel only (Study 2) in a fed state on Day 0. Experimental infestations with\n                      <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were conducted on Days \u22121, 6, 13, 20, 29, and 35 with 100 adult fleas. Fleas were removed and categorized as either live or dead 24\u00a0h post-treatment and 24\u00a0h post-infestation thereafter. Experimental infestations with\n                      <jats:italic>R. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were conducted on Days \u22122, 5, 12, 19, and 30 with 50 adult ticks. Ticks were removed and categorized as attached or unattached and then live or dead 48\u00a0h post-treatment and 48\u00a0h post-infestation thereafter.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Credelio Quattro demonstrated 100% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) efficacy against\n                      <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with no live fleas recovered at time points evaluated through 36\u00a0days post-treatment. Additionally, Credelio Quattro demonstrated 97.1\u2013100% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) efficacy through Day 30 against the established dose-limiting tick species,\n                      <jats:italic>R. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In Study 2, pyrantel demonstrated\u2009\u2264\u200946.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.0601) efficacy while lotilaner provided\u2009\u2265\u200999.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.0007) efficacy, confirming lotilaner as the acaricidal active ingredient in Credelio Quattro. Adverse events were reported in both treatment groups, including dermatitis, alopecia, lameness, and a chest wound. One dog in a Credelio Quattro treatment group experienced vomiting and bloody diarrhea that was considered possibly treatment-related.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These studies confirm the safety and effectiveness of a single dose of Credelio Quattro for the treatment and control of\n                      <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>R. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infestations on dogs for 1\u00a0month.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07405-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1777287803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Credelio Quattro\u2122 chewable tablets containing lotilaner, moxidectin, pyrantel, and praziquantel against Ctenocephalides felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestations on dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Wiseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riaan","family":"Maree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utami R.","family":"DiCosty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Rautenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly D.","family":"Savadelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"7405_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109392","volume":"294","author":"MN Saleh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saleh MN, Allen KE, Lineberry MW, Little SE, Reichard MV. Ticks infesting dogs and cats in North America: biology, geographic distribution, and pathogen transmission. Vet Parasitol. 2021;294:109392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109392.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-26","volume":"3","author":"F Dantas-Torres","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F. Biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasit Vectors. 2010;3:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-26.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102025","volume":"13","author":"L Eisen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eisen L. Tick species infesting humans in the United States. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022;13:102025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102025.","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"7405_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1376","volume":"104","author":"LH Backus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Backus LH, L\u00f3pez P\u00e9rez AM, Foley JE. Effect of temperature on host preference in two lineages of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021;104:2305\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1376.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"7405_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1645\/ge-494r.1","volume":"93","author":"G Baneth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baneth G, Samish M, Shkap V. Life cycle of Hepatozoon canis (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and domestic dog (Canis familiaris). J Parasitol. 2007;93:283\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/ge-494r.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.026","volume":"197","author":"JJ Fourie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fourie JJ, Stanneck D, Luus HG, Beugnet F, Wijnveld M, Jongejan F. Transmission of Ehrlichia canis by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks feeding on dogs and on artificial membranes. Vet Parasitol. 2013;197:595\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.026.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.07.001","volume":"39","author":"BL Blagburn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blagburn BL, Dryden MW. Biology, treatment, and control of flea and tick infestations. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2009;39:1173\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.07.001.","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"7405_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.03.035","volume":"180","author":"J Slapeta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slapeta J, King J, McDonell D, Malik R, Homer D, Hannan P, et al. The cat flea (Ctenocephalides f. felis) is the dominant flea on domestic dogs and cats in Australian veterinary practices. Vet Parasitol. 2011;180:383\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.03.035.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.15.503","volume":"160","author":"R Bond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bond R, Riddle A, Mottram L, Beugnet F, Stevenson R. Survey of flea infestation in dogs and cats in the United Kingdom during 2005. Vet Rec. 2007;160:503\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.160.15.503.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"7405_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/18.1.78","volume":"18","author":"J Silverman","year":"1981","unstructured":"Silverman J, Rust MK, Reierson DA. Influence of temperature and humidity on survival and development of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol. 1981;18:78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmedent\/18.1.78.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"7405_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/78.6.763","volume":"78","author":"J Silverman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Silverman J, Rust MK. Extended longevity of the pre-emerged adult cat flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and factors stimulating emergence from the pupal cocoon. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1985;78:763\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aesa\/78.6.763.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"7405_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.5","volume":"15","author":"Y Puspitasari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Puspitasari Y, Khairullah AR, Raharjo HM, Fauziah I, Tyasningsih W, Kurniasih DAA, et al. Uncovering the truth about cat-scratch disease. Open Vet J. 2025;15:1895\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.5.","journal-title":"Open Vet J"},{"key":"7405_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06292-8","volume":"17","author":"CO Moore","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moore CO, Lashnits E, Lappin M, Hawley J, Breitschwerdt EB. A case of mistaken identity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and reinvestigation of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. infection in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea). Parasit Vectors. 2024;17:209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06292-8.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014001000","volume":"141","author":"E Napoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Napoli E, Brianti E, Falsone L, Gaglio G, Foit S, Abramo F, et al. Development of Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae). Parasitology. 2014;141:1718\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182014001000.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7405_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05243-5","volume":"15","author":"J Rousseau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rousseau J, Castro A, Novo T, Maia C. Dipylidium caninum in the twenty-first century: epidemiological studies and reported cases in companion animals and humans. Parasit Vectors. 2022;15:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-022-05243-5.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2470-4","volume":"10","author":"L Rufener","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rufener L, Danelli V, Bertrand D, Sager H. The novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide lotilaner (Credelio\u2122): a non-competitive antagonist specific to invertebrates \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channels (GABACls). Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2470-4.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12959","volume":"45","author":"X Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou X, Hohman AE, Hsu WH. Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2022;45:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.12959.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"7405_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90990-5","volume":"15","author":"H Sor\u00e9","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sor\u00e9 H, Guelbeogo WM, Zongo S, Bolscher JM, Ou\u00e9draogo N, Gansan\u00e9 A, et al. The mosquitocidal activity of isoxazoline derivatives afoxolaner, lotilaner, and fluralaner are not affected by mosquito sugar or antibiotic treatment. Sci Rep. 2025;15:11830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90990-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7405_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.027","volume":"222","author":"RH Six","year":"2016","unstructured":"Six RH, Becskei C, Mazaleski MM, Fourie JJ, Mahabir SP, Myers MR, et al. Efficacy of sarolaner, a novel oral isoxazoline, against two common mite infestations in dogs: Demodex spp. and Otodectes cynotis. Vet Parasitol. 2016;222:62\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.027.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR20","first-page":"1159","volume":"63","author":"VE Defalque","year":"2022","unstructured":"Defalque VE. Isoxazolines for treating canine demodicosis, sarcoptic mange (scabies), and lice infestation. Can Vet J. 2022;63:1159\u201362.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"7405_CR21","unstructured":"Companion Animal Parasite Council. General Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. 2025. https:\/\/capcvet.org\/guidelines\/general-guidelines\/. Accessed 27 Feb 2025."},{"key":"7405_CR22","unstructured":"European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites. Control of Ectoparasites in Dogs and Cats. 2022. https:\/\/www.esccap.org\/uploads\/docs\/cgqtqpf1_0720_ESCCAP_GL3__English_v19_1p.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct 2025."},{"key":"7405_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100679","volume":"18","author":"A Giannelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giannelli A, Schnyder M, Wright I, Charlier J. Control of companion animal parasites and impact on One Health. One Health. 2024;18:100679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100679.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"7405_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001402","volume":"144","author":"DP Blake","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blake DP, Betson M. One Health: parasites and beyond. Parasitology. 2017;144:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182016001402.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"7405_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113789","volume":"17","author":"PA Overgaauw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Overgaauw PA, Vinke CM, Van Hagen MA, Lipman LJ. A One Health perspective on the human\u2013companion animal relationship with emphasis on zoonotic aspects. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:3789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17113789.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"7405_CR26","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Freedom of Information Summary for Credelio Quattro NADA 141\u2013581. 2024."},{"key":"7405_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CVMP assessment report for Credelio (EMEA\/V\/C\/004247\/0000). 16 Feb 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6128(17)30329-4"},{"key":"7405_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.003","volume":"194","author":"AA Marchiondo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marchiondo AA, Holdsworth PA, Fourie LJ, Rugg D, Hellmann K, Snyder DE, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition: guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestations on dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol. 2013;194:84\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.003.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2474-0","volume":"10","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Assessment of the onset of lotilaner (Credelio\u2122) speed of kill of fleas on dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2474-0.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2466-0","volume":"10","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Assessment of the speed of flea kill of lotilaner (Credelio\u2122) throughout the month following oral administration to dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2466-0.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06757-4","volume":"18","author":"S Charles","year":"2025","unstructured":"Charles S, Deuster K, Wang X, Wiseman S, Reinemeyer CR, van der Mescht L, et al. Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro\u2122) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel for the treatment and control of hookworm infections in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2025;18:125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06757-4.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06968-9","volume":"18","author":"S Charles","year":"2025","unstructured":"Charles S, Wiseman S, Wang X, et al. Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro\u2122) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel against Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2025;18:297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06968-9.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06932-7","volume":"18","author":"S Charles","year":"2025","unstructured":"Charles S, Wiseman S, Savadelis MD, Nichols E, Young L. Field efficacy and safety evaluation of a novel chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro\u2122) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel against gastrointestinal nematode infections in dogs in the USA. Parasit Vectors. 2025;18:297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06932-7.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06735-w","volume":"18","author":"S Charles","year":"2025","unstructured":"Charles S, Altreuther A, Wang X, Wiseman S, Reinemeyer CR, Snyder DE, et al. Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet (Credelio Quattro\u2122) containing lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel for the treatment and control of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus infections in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2025;18:99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06735-w.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR35","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Freedom of Information Summary for Credelio NADA 141\u2013494. 2018."},{"key":"7405_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07136-9","volume":"19","author":"W Anderson","year":"2026","unstructured":"Anderson W, Savadelis MD, Wiseman S, Mansour A, Maree R, Young L. Efficacy of Credelio Quattro\u2122(lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel chewable tablets) and Credelio\u2122(lotilaner) chewable tablets in the prevention of Borrelia burgdorferi transmission from infected Ixodes scapularis in dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2026;19:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07136-9.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07201-3","volume":"19","author":"KL Riggs","year":"2026","unstructured":"Riggs KL, Wang X, Wiseman S. Long-term safety of Credelio Quattro\u2122(lotilaner, moxidectin, praziquantel, and pyrantel chewable tablets), a novel orally administered combination endectocide for dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2026;19:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-07201-3.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3945-2","volume":"13","author":"K Kryda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kryda K, Mahabir SP, Chapin S, Holzmer SJ, Bowersock L, Everett WR, et al. Efficacy of a novel orally administered combination product containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio\u2122) against induced infestations of five common tick species infesting dogs in the USA. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-3945-2.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3949-y","volume":"13","author":"C Becskei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becskei C, Liebenberg J, Thys M, Mahabir SP. Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio\u2122) against four common tick species infesting dogs in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-3949-y.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06363-w","volume":"17","author":"KE Reif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reif KE, Kollasch TM, Neilson JC, Herrin BH, Ryan WG, Bell MC, et al. Comparative speed of kill provided by lotilaner (Credelio\u2122), sarolaner (Simparica Trio\u2122), and afoxolaner (NexGard\u2122) to control Amblyomma americanum infestations on dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2024;17:313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06363-w.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06753-8","volume":"18","author":"J Prullage","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prullage J, Dumont P, Nair A, Liu M, DiCosty U, S\u00fcssenberger R. The ability of an oral combination of afoxolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel to protect dogs from Borrelia burgdorferi infections transmitted by Ixodes scapularis. Parasit Vectors. 2025;18:147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-025-06753-8.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.010","volume":"222","author":"NA Honsberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Honsberger NA, Six RH, Heinz TJ, Weber A, Mahabir SP, Berg TC. Efficacy of sarolaner in the prevention of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmission from infected Ixodes scapularis to dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2016;222:67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.010.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"7405_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2478-9","volume":"10","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. A randomized, controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (Credelio\u2122) in controlling ticks in client-owned dogs in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2478-9.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2469-x","volume":"10","author":"D Karadzovska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karadzovska D, Chappell K, Coble S, Murphy M, Cavalleri D, Wiseman S, et al. A randomized, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner flavored chewable tablets (Credelio\u2122) in eliminating fleas in client-owned dogs in the USA. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2469-x.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2971-9","volume":"11","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Nanchen S. A randomized, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (Credelio\u2122) in controlling fleas in client-owned cats in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11:410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-018-2971-9.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"7405_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2473-1","volume":"10","author":"D Cavalleri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Two randomized, controlled studies to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (Credelio\u2122) in preventing Dermacentor reticulatus transmission of Babesia canis to dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2473-1.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07405-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07405-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07405-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:06:00Z","timestamp":1781132760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07405-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-026-07405-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"These laboratory studies were conducted in compliance with local and national regulatory requirements, including approval by the study site Animal Care and Use committee (Nos. 1801, 1266, 2208, 1252), and were conducted in accordance with VICH GL9 Good Clinical Practice and WAAVP guidelines for the treatment, prevention, and control of flea and tick infestations on dogs and cats.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LY, XW, SW, and MS are employees of Elanco Animal Health. UD, WE, CR, and RM were contracted to conduct the studies.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"246"}}