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To address this, we evaluated the permissiveness of a newly established\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      colony in comparison with a laboratory-adapted\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colony, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia, using paired direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We recruited 43 patients with microscopy-confirmed\n                      <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      gametocytes at Metehara Health Center, central Ethiopia. Fresh venous blood samples were used to assess infectivity by feeding 3\u20135-day-old female\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0and\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colony mosquitoes in paired DMFA; 10 days post-feeding, oocyst development was examined microscopically. Vector permissiveness was determined by the proportion of oocyst-positive mosquitoes and the intensity of midgut oocyst infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited higher feeding efficiency (median 85.0%, interquartile range [IQR] 80\u201389%) compared with\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (78.3%, IQR 73\u201385%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). The proportions of feeds resulting in at least one infected mosquito were comparable between\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (69.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) and\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (67.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.94). A strong correlation was observed in infection rates between the two colonies (Spearman\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.85;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Median oocyst density was similar for\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (13.5 per infected mosquito, IQR 3.7\u201344.5) and\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (26.3 per infected mosquito, IQR 10.4\u201389.3;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.083).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrated permissiveness comparable to\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      for\n                      <jats:italic>P.\u00a0falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains from symptomatic patients in Ethiopia. With the ongoing expansion of\n                      <jats:italic>An.\u00a0stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Africa, further investigations are needed to elucidate its role in malaria transmission within newly invaded ecological settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07463-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:21:31Z","timestamp":1790097691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative permissiveness of Anopheles stephensi colony mosquito with an Anopheles arabiensis colony to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in Metehara, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zewdu Selemon","family":"Amare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temesgen","family":"Ashine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Sisay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melaku Petros","family":"Markos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikregabrail Aberra","family":"Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tirhas","family":"Endale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemesa","family":"Ejeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tigist","family":"Atele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getinet","family":"Habtamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natnael Lemessa","family":"Hundera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matiwos Kidane","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betelhem Akililu","family":"Kebede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melat","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abena","family":"kochora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muluken","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulugeta","family":"Demisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrham","family":"Gashaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagni","family":"Chali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassen","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fekadu","family":"Massebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fitsum G.","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elifaged","family":"Hailemeskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7463_CR1","first-page":"242","volume":"4","author":"EO Kolawole","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolawole EO, Ayeni ET, Abolade SA, Ugwu SE, Awoyinka TB, Ofeh AS, Okolo BO. 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