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However, species-level identification in free-ranging carnivores remains difficult, impeded by the morphological resemblance among the sporocysts of various parasite species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intestinal mucosal scrapings from 40 wild canids: red fox (\n                      <jats:italic>Vulpes vulpes<\/jats:italic>\n                      , n\u2009=\u20098), gray fox (\n                      <jats:italic>Urocyon cinereoargenteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , n\u2009=\u20096) and coyote (\n                      <jats:italic>Canis latrans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , n\u2009=\u200926) in Pennsylvania, USA, sampled in 2024, were tested for\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sporocysts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sporocysts were detected microscopically in intestinal homogenates digested in Chlorox in 3\/6 (50%) gray foxes, 3\/8 (37.5%) red foxes and 18\/26 (69.2%) coyotes. PCR amplification was successful on 8\/18 (44.4%) coyotes, 0\/6\u00a0Gy foxes and 2\/3 (66.6%) red foxes. Multi-locus genotyping was performed for the\n                      <jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>\n                      rRNA,\n                      <jats:italic>28S<\/jats:italic>\n                      rRNA,\n                      <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ITS1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genetic markers, supporting identification of multiple species of\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , including\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis albifronsi<\/jats:italic>\n                      -like,\n                      <jats:italic>S. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>S. gjerdei<\/jats:italic>\n                      -like,\n                      <jats:italic>S. cristata<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>S. wenzeli<\/jats:italic>\n                      -like and an additional undescribed, ungulate-associated\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Phylogenetic analysis confirmed clustering with reference sequences with strong support. This study demonstrates that wild foxes and coyotes serve as definitive hosts for multiple species of\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , including\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis cruzi,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which uses cattle as intermediate hosts and imposes significant economic burdens on cattle production. Moreover, these findings demonstrate that wild canids harbor diverse\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., supporting their role in environmental dissemination and potential transmission at the wildlife\u2013livestock interface.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07515-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:58:54Z","timestamp":1781791134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular characterization of Sarcocystis spp. in intestines of coyotes and foxes from Pennsylvania, USA"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Van Why","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin. 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