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The present study aimed to investigate the molecular and serological occurrence and the genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      in cattle from the Lower Shabelle region of Somalia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blood samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009131) were collected from cattle, alongside epidemiological data on location, body condition, and tick presence. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured, and sera were screened for anti-\n                      <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgG antibodies using a commercial rMSP5-based ELISA. Molecular detection was performed by qPCR targeting the\n                      <jats:italic>msp1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, and positive samples were further characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of the\n                      <jats:italic>msp1\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>msp4<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes, followed by bioinformatic analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 110\/131 (83.9%) cattle presented IgG antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while 121\/131 (92.4%) tested positive by qPCR targeting the\n                      <jats:italic>msp1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. A significant difference in median PCV was observed between seropositive and seronegative animals (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026). qPCR positivity showed no significant association with tick infestation and body condition. There was a fair agreement between serology and qPCR (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.28). Among the 32 qPCR-positive samples further analyzed, 31 (96.9%) were\n                      <jats:italic>msp1\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive and all were\n                      <jats:italic>msp4<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive. Ten new\n                      <jats:italic>msp1\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and five previously reported short-sequence repeats were identified, while\n                      <jats:italic>msp4<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis revealed 18 genotypes, with Somali isolates clustering alongside strains from Africa and Russia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study confirms the high prevalence and genetic diversity of\n                      <jats:italic>A. marginale<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Somali cattle, highlighting the need for improved surveillance and control measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-026-07563-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:47:57Z","timestamp":1784800077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma marginale in cattle from the Lower Shabelle Region of Somalia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamir M.","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Hassan-Kadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos R.","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Brayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdalla M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Claudia B.","family":"Mongruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via C. 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