{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:53:15Z","timestamp":1793922795393,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH106595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH106595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX003477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX003477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R03AG051877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03AG051877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AG061367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AG061367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG068121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG068121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1I01CX001276-01A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01CX001276-01A2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21MH102834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MH102834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5I01CX000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5I01CX000431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01MH079806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01MH079806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD011728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD011728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH105379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH105379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH115485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH115485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000130","name":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01OH012466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01OH012466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH093500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH093500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15MH099521-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15MH099521-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21MH085436-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21MH085436-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15HD049907-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15HD049907-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX002577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX002577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2CX000525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2CX000525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lK6BX003777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lK6BX003777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH110925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH110925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21DA050160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DA050160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1DP1DA058737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP1DA058737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B9254\u2010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B9254\u2010C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B3001-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B3001-C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-11-1-0073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-11-1-0073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000433PEC-PTSD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000433PEC-PTSD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX006186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX006186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX005872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX005872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019926","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91718336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91718336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019926","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09150171910042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150171910042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH117293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH117293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP 1017641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP 1017641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HD085850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD085850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event is associated with biological differences that can represent the susceptibility to PTSD, the impact of trauma, or the sequelae of PTSD itself. These effects include differences in DNA methylation (DNAm), an important form of epigenetic gene regulation, at multiple CpG loci across the genome. Moreover, these effects can be shared or specific to both central and peripheral tissues. Here, we aim to identify blood DNAm differences associated with PTSD and characterize the underlying biological mechanisms by examining the extent to which they mirror associations across multiple brain regions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup, we conducted the largest cross-sectional meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of PTSD to date, involving 5077 participants (2156 PTSD cases and 2921 trauma-exposed controls) from 23 civilian and military studies. PTSD diagnosis assessments were harmonized following the standardized guidelines established by the PGC-PTSD Workgroup. DNAm was assayed from blood using Illumina HumanMethylation450 or MethylationEPIC (850\u00a0K) BeadChips. Within each cohort, DNA methylation was regressed on PTSD, sex (if applicable), age, blood cell proportions, and ancestry. An inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was performed. We conducted replication analyses in tissue from multiple brain regions, neuronal nuclei, and a cellular model of prolonged stress.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 11 CpG sites associated with PTSD in the overall meta-analysis (1.44e\u2009\u2212\u200909\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20095.30e\u2009\u2212\u200908), as well as 14 associated in analyses of specific strata (military vs civilian cohort, sex, and ancestry), including CpGs in <jats:italic>AHRR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CDC42BPB<\/jats:italic>. Many of these loci exhibit blood\u2013brain correlation in methylation levels and cross-tissue associations with PTSD in multiple brain regions. Out of 9 CpGs annotated to a gene expressed in blood, methylation levels at 5 CpGs showed significant correlations with the expression levels of their respective annotated genes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study identifies 11 PTSD-associated CpGs and\u00a0leverages data from postmortem brain samples, GWAS, and genome-wide expression data to interpret the biology underlying these associations and prioritize genes whose regulation differs in those with PTSD.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01417-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T15:14:34Z","timestamp":1734534874000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Epigenome-wide association studies identify novel DNA methylation sites associated with PTSD: a meta-analysis of 23 military and civilian cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Seyma","family":"Katrinli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agaz H.","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam X.","family":"Maihofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ratanatharathorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos P.","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janitza","family":"Montalvo-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana L.","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony S.","family":"Zannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison E.","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison E.","family":"Ashley-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Avetyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewleen G.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean C.","family":"Beckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco P.","family":"Boks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Brick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Bromet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances A.","family":"Champagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shareefa","family":"Dalvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle F.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Segun","family":"Fatumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Galea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie E.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elbert","family":"Geuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmeet P.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sian M. J.","family":"Hemmings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand Russel","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Jajoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Kimbrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel E.","family":"Kleinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastassja","family":"Koen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karestan C.","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Fen","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Liberzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah D.","family":"Linnstaedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Lori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Luft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurjen J.","family":"Luykx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel A.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Milberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary S.","family":"Mufford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarisse","family":"Musanabaganwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Mutabaruka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Mutesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Nemeroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly K.","family":"Orcutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Jun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila A. M.","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry J.","family":"Ressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria B.","family":"Risbrough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eug\u00e8ne","family":"Rutembesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart P. F.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Seedat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray B.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvanus","family":"Toikumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Ursano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Uwineza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke H.","family":"Verfaellie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Vermetten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiaan H.","family":"Vinkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin B.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek E.","family":"Wildman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika J.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross McD","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh L.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PGC-PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reid S.","family":"Alisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananda B","family":"Amstadter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L","family":"Bjorklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara H","family":"Chaiyachati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith B M","family":"Ensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leland L","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Gelernter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J","family":"Herringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana L","family":"Juvinao-Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ketema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Maga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burook","family":"Misganaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiela Tiemi","family":"Nagamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny M","family":"Nispeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Shinozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Snijders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia C","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Tyrka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"van Zuiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline S","family":"Womersley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagy A","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanchao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Zillich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PsychENCODE PTSD Brainomics Project","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhivya","family":"Arasappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Berretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul A.","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Collado-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Chatzinakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris P.","family":"DiPietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc M.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Deep-Soboslay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Eagles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Huuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artemis","family":"Iatrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geo","family":"Pertea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas T.","family":"Seyfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Heon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor E.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Benedek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianne A.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Girgenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Holtzheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam T.","family":"Labadorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Noller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William K.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Schnurr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"DiSano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Nievergelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Logue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025989","volume":"31","author":"AL Zen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zen AL, Whooley MA, Zhao S, Cohen BE. Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with poor health behaviors: findings from the heart and soul study. Health Psychol. 2012;31(2):194\u2013201.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1417_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1184","volume":"158","author":"LK Jacobsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jacobsen LK, Southwick SM, Kosten TR. Substance use disorders in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the literature. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(8):1184\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.06.015","volume":"77","author":"A O'Donovan","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan A, Cohen BE, Seal KH, Bertenthal D, Margaretten M, Nishimi K, et al. Elevated risk for autoimmune disorders in iraq and afghanistan veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(4):365\u201374.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0977-9","volume":"20","author":"AL Ryder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ryder AL, Azcarate PM, Cohen BE. PTSD and physical health. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(12):116.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet C, Bromet E, Karam EG, Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Ruscio AM, et al. The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychol Med. 2016;46(2):327\u201343.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.118","volume":"40","author":"MW Logue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Logue MW, Amstadter AB, Baker DG, Duncan L, Koenen KC, Liberzon I, et al. The psychiatric genomics consortium posttraumatic stress disorder workgroup: posttraumatic stress disorder enters the age of large-scale genomic collaboration. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40(10):2287\u201397.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.01.020","volume":"83","author":"CM Nievergelt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nievergelt CM, Ashley-Koch AE, Dalvie S, Hauser MA, Morey RA, Smith AK, et al. Genomic approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder: the psychiatric genomic consortium initiative. Biol Psychiatry. 2018;83(10):831\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13","key":"1417_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000210","volume":"51","author":"R Polimanti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Polimanti R, Wendt FR. Posttraumatic stress disorder: from gene discovery to disease biology. Psychol Med. 2021;51(13):2178\u201388.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0980-1","volume":"20","author":"LE Duncan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duncan LE, Cooper BN, Shen H. Robust findings from 25 years of PTSD Genetics Research. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(12):115.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01707-9","volume":"56","author":"CM Nievergelt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Atkinson EG, Chen CY, Choi KW, Coleman JRI, et al. Genome-wide association analyses identify 95 risk loci and provide insights into the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Genet. 2024;56(5):792\u2013808.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0898-7","volume":"20","author":"NP Daskalakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daskalakis NP, Rijal CM, King C, Huckins LM, Ressler KJ. Recent genetics and epigenetics approaches to PTSD. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20(5):30.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.04.003","volume":"78","author":"AS Zannas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zannas AS, Provencal N, Binder EB. Epigenetics of posttraumatic stress disorder: current evidence, challenges, and future directions. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78(5):327\u201335.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6004","key":"1417_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1191078","volume":"330","author":"R Bonasio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonasio R, Tu S, Reinberg D. Molecular signals of epigenetic states. Science. 2010;330(6004):612\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.09.003","volume":"36","author":"D Baker-Andresen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baker-Andresen D, Ratnu VS, Bredy TW. Dynamic DNA methylation: a prime candidate for genomic metaplasticity and behavioral adaptation. Trends Neurosci. 2013;36(1):3\u201313.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1417_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2022.12.002","volume":"14","author":"Y Rasmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasmi Y, Shokati A, Hassan A, Aziz SG, Bastani S, Jalali L, et al. The role of DNA methylation in progression of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the prospect of using DNA methylation inhibitors as therapeutic agents for such disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2023;14:28\u201337.","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.5.3.11375","volume":"5","author":"C Murgatroyd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murgatroyd C, Wu Y, Bockmuhl Y, Spengler D. Genes learn from stress: how infantile trauma programs us for depression. Epigenetics. 2010;5(3):194\u20139.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-4-r54","volume":"15","author":"K Lokk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lokk K, Modhukur V, Rajashekar B, Martens K, Magi R, Kolde R, et al. DNA methylome profiling of human tissues identifies global and tissue-specific methylation patterns. Genome Biol. 2014;15(4): r54.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1100786","volume":"10","author":"E Hannon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hannon E, Lunnon K, Schalkwyk L, Mill J. Interindividual methylomic variation across blood, cortex, and cerebellum: implications for epigenetic studies of neurological and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Epigenetics. 2015;10(11):1024\u201332.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"1417_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.07.024","volume":"284","author":"NP Daskalakis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daskalakis NP, Cohen H, Nievergelt CM, Baker DG, Buxbaum JD, Russo SJ, et al. New translational perspectives for blood-based biomarkers of PTSD: From glucocorticoid to immune mediators of stress susceptibility. Exp Neurol. 2016;284(Pt B):133\u201340.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1417_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.11.011","volume":"90","author":"FG Morrison","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morrison FG, Miller MW, Logue MW, Assef M, Wolf EJ. DNA methylation correlates of PTSD: recent findings and technical challenges. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;90:223\u201334.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02094-7","volume":"12","author":"S Katrinli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katrinli S, Oliveira NCS, Felger JC, Michopoulos V, Smith AK. The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):313.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"20","key":"1417_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9470","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910794107","volume":"107","author":"M Uddin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uddin M, Aiello AE, Wildman DE, Koenen KC, Pawelec G, de Los SR, et al. Epigenetic and immune function profiles associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(20):9470\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31212","volume":"156B","author":"AK Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith AK, Conneely KN, Kilaru V, Mercer KB, Weiss TE, Bradley B, et al. Differential immune system DNA methylation and cytokine regulation in post-traumatic stress disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011;156B(6):700\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.130","volume":"7","author":"PF Kuan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuan PF, Waszczuk MA, Kotov R, Marsit CJ, Guffanti G, Gonzalez A, et al. An epigenome-wide DNA methylation study of PTSD and depression in World Trade Center responders. Transl Psychiatry. 2017;7(6): e1158.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.120","volume":"23","author":"BPF Rutten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rutten BPF, Vermetten E, Vinkers CH, Ursini G, Daskalakis NP, Pishva E, et al. Longitudinal analyses of the DNA methylome in deployed military servicemen identify susceptibility loci for post-traumatic stress disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(5):1145\u201356.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-0820-0","volume":"12","author":"MW Logue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Logue MW, Miller MW, Wolf EJ, Huber BR, Morrison FG, Zhou Z, et al. An epigenome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans implicates several new DNA methylation loci. Clin Epigenetics. 2020;12(1):46.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.129","volume":"7","author":"R Hammamieh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hammamieh R, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Muhie S, Yang R, Donohue D, et al. Whole-genome DNA methylation status associated with clinical PTSD measures of OIF\/OEF veterans. Transl Psychiatry. 2017;7(7): e1169.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32568","volume":"174","author":"A Ratanatharathorn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ratanatharathorn A, Boks MP, Maihofer AX, Aiello AE, Amstadter AB, Ashley-Koch AE, et al. Epigenome-wide association of PTSD from heterogeneous cohorts with a common multi-site analysis pipeline. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2017;174(6):619\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2018-0049","volume":"10","author":"M Uddin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uddin M, Ratanatharathorn A, Armstrong D, Kuan PF, Aiello AE, Bromet EJ, et al. Epigenetic meta-analysis across three civilian cohorts identifies NRG1 and HGS as blood-based biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder. Epigenomics. 2018;10(12):1585\u2013601.","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19615-x","volume":"11","author":"AK Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith AK, Ratanatharathorn A, Maihofer AX, Naviaux RK, Aiello AE, Amstadter AB, et al. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of PTSD across 10 military and civilian cohorts identifies methylation changes in AHRR. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5965.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0798-7","volume":"12","author":"C Snijders","year":"2020","unstructured":"Snijders C, Maihofer AX, Ratanatharathorn A, Baker DG, Boks MP, Geuze E, et al. Longitudinal epigenome-wide association studies of three male military cohorts reveal multiple CpG sites associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Clin Epigenetics. 2020;12(1):11.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01398-2","volume":"27","author":"S Katrinli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katrinli S, Maihofer AX, Wani AH, Pfeiffer JR, Ketema E, Ratanatharathorn A, et al. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of PTSD symptom severity in three military cohorts implicates DNA methylation changes in genes involved in immune system and oxidative stress. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(3):1720\u20138.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056063","volume":"12","author":"NR Nugent","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nugent NR, Armey M, Boker S, Brick L, Knopik V, McGeary JE, et al. Adolescents hospitalised for suicidality: biomarkers, social and affective predictors: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(10): e056063.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1417_CR35","unstructured":"Pynoos R, Weathers F, Steinberg A, Marx B, Layne C, Kaloupek D, et al. Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 - child\/adolescent version. 2015."},{"issue":"8","key":"1417_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","volume":"34","author":"EB Blanchard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA. Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther. 1996;34(8):669\u201373.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1417_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.03.016","volume":"252","author":"DJ Stein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stein DJ, Koen N, Donald KA, Adnams CM, Koopowitz S, Lund C, et al. Investigating the psychosocial determinants of child health in Africa: the Drakenstein child health study. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;252:27\u201335.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8","volume":"12","author":"Y Lecrubier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lecrubier Y, Sheehan DV, Weiller E, Amorim P, Bonora I, Sheehan KH, et al. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI. European psychiatry. 1997;12(5):224\u201331.","journal-title":"European psychiatry."},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"1417_CR39","first-page":"22","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl 20):22\u201333.","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR40","first-page":"75","volume":"8","author":"DD Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. J Trauma Stress. 1995;8(1):75\u201390.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","volume":"13","author":"FW Weathers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson JR. Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depress Anxiety. 2001;13(3):132\u201356.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1417_CR42","first-page":"161","volume":"16","author":"SA Falsetti","year":"1993","unstructured":"Falsetti SA, Resnick HS, Resick PA, Kilpatrick DG. The modified PTSD symptom scale: a brief self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder. The Behavior Therapist. 1993;16:161\u20132.","journal-title":"The Behavior Therapist"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.2.197","volume":"12","author":"ES Kubany","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kubany ES, Leisen MB, Kaplan AS, Kelly MP. Validation of a brief measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the Distressing Event Questionnaire (DEQ). Psychol Assess. 2000;12(2):197\u2013209.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2020.1724949","volume":"23","author":"LL van den Heuvel","year":"2020","unstructured":"van den Heuvel LL, Stalder T, du Plessis S, Suliman S, Kirschbaum C, Seedat S. Hair cortisol levels in posttraumatic stress disorder and metabolic syndrome. Stress. 2020;23(5):577\u201389.","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"1417_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Bovin MJ, Lee DJ, Sloan DM, Schnurr PP, Kaloupek DG, et al. Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5. Psychol Assess. 2015; 30(3):383\u201395","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0581-3","volume":"25","author":"SA McLean","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLean SA, Ressler K, Koenen KC, Neylan T, Germine L, Jovanovic T, et al. The AURORA study: a longitudinal, multimodal library of brain biology and function after traumatic stress exposure. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25(2):283\u201396.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","volume":"28","author":"CA Blevins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL. The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. J Trauma Stress. 2015;28(6):489\u201398.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00911-3","volume":"26","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Ressler KJ, House SL, Beaudoin FL, An X, Stevens JS, et al. Socio-demographic and trauma-related predictors of PTSD within 8 weeks of a motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(7):3108\u201321.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","volume":"28","author":"MJ Bovin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bovin MJ, Marx BP, Weathers FW, Gallagher MW, Rodriguez P, Schnurr PP, et al. Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(11):1379\u201391.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.866693","volume":"15","author":"N Perroud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perroud N, Rutembesa E, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Mutabaruka J, Mutesa L, Stenz L, et al. The Tutsi genocide and transgenerational transmission of maternal stress: epigenetics and biology of the HPA axis. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2014;15(4):334\u201345.","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2021-0310","volume":"14","author":"C Musanabaganwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Musanabaganwa C, Wani AH, Donglasan J, Fatumo S, Jansen S, Mutabaruka J, et al. Leukocyte methylomic imprints of exposure to the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda: a pilot epigenome-wide analysis. Epigenomics. 2022;14(1):11\u201325.","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"1417_CR52","first-page":"59","volume":"11","author":"N Mulder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mulder N, Abimiku A, Adebamowo SN, de Vries J, Matimba A, Olowoyo P, et al. H3Africa: current perspectives. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2018;11:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Pharmgenomics Pers Med"},{"key":"1417_CR53","unstructured":"Weathers F, Ford J, Stamm B. Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation. In: Psychometric review of PTSD checklist (PCL-C, PCL-S PCL-M, PCL-PR). 1996. p. 250\u20131."},{"key":"1417_CR54","unstructured":"Weathers F, Litz B, Keane T, Palmieri P, Marx B, Schnurr P. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)\u2013LEC-5 and extended criterion a [Measurement instrument]. 2013. Avaliable from https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/."},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9592","volume":"114","author":"R Herbert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herbert R, Moline J, Skloot G, Metzger K, Baron S, Luft B, et al. The World Trade Center disaster and the health of workers: five-year assessment of a unique medical screening program. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(12):1853\u20138.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002184","volume":"46","author":"EJ Bromet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bromet EJ, Hobbs MJ, Clouston SA, Gonzalez A, Kotov R, Luft BJ. DSM-IV post-traumatic stress disorder among world trade center responders 11\u201313 years after the disaster of 11 September 2001 (9\/11). Psychol Med. 2016;46(4):771\u201383.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1417_CR57","unstructured":"First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders, research version, patient edition. (SCID-I\/P) New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2002."},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12778","volume":"136","author":"D Mehta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehta D, Bruenig D, Carrillo-Roa T, Lawford B, Harvey W, Morris CP, et al. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis in combat veterans reveals a novel locus for PTSD. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017;136(5):493\u2013505.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1417_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.10.017","volume":"51","author":"CM Nievergelt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Mustapic M, Yurgil KA, Schork NJ, Miller MW, et al. Genomic predictors of combat stress vulnerability and resilience in U.S. Marines: a genome-wide association study across multiple ancestries implicates PRTFDC1 as a potential PTSD gene. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;51:459\u201371.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"1417_CR60","first-page":"E97","volume":"9","author":"DG Baker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baker DG, Nash WP, Litz BT, Geyer MA, Risbrough VB, Nievergelt CM, et al. Predictors of risk and resilience for posttraumatic stress disorder among ground combat marines: methods of the marine resiliency study. Prev Chronic Dis. 2012;9:E97.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.05.003","volume":"30","author":"A Reijnen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reijnen A, Rademaker AR, Vermetten E, Geuze E. Prevalence of mental health symptoms in Dutch military personnel returning from deployment to Afghanistan: a 2-year longitudinal analysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2015;30(2):341\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00368-5","volume":"3","author":"I Eekhout","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eekhout I, Reijnen A, Vermetten E, Geuze E. Post-traumatic stress symptoms 5 years after military deployment to Afghanistan: an observational cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(1):58\u201364.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"1417_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2002.94.3.996","volume":"94","author":"JE Hovens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hovens JE, Bramsen I, van der Ploeg HM. Self-rating inventory for posttraumatic stress disorder: review of the psychometric properties of a new brief Dutch screening instrument. Percept Mot Skills. 2002;94(3 Pt 1):996\u20131008.","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2014.77.2.107","volume":"77","author":"RJ Ursano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ursano RJ, Colpe LJ, Heeringa SG, Kessler RC, Schoenbaum M, Stein MB, et al. The Army study to assess risk and resilience in servicemembers (Army STARRS). Psychiatry. 2014;77(2):107\u201319.","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1398","volume":"22","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Santiago PN, Colpe LJ, Dempsey CL, First MB, Heeringa SG, et al. Clinical reappraisal of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales (CIDI-SC) in the army study to assess risk and resilience in servicemembers (Army STARRS). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2013;22(4):303\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1417_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.113","volume":"18","author":"MW Logue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Logue MW, Baldwin C, Guffanti G, Melista E, Wolf EJ, Reardon AF, et al. A genome-wide association study of post-traumatic stress disorder identifies the retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) gene as a significant risk locus. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18(8):937\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1417_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.11.009","volume":"115","author":"EJ Wolf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wolf EJ, Miller MW, Hawn SE, Zhao X, Wallander SE, McCormick B, et al. Longitudinal study of traumatic-stress related cellular and cognitive aging. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;115:494\u2013504.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1556","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1556","volume":"26","author":"RE McGlinchey","year":"2017","unstructured":"McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Fonda JR, Fortier CB. A methodology for assessing deployment trauma and its consequences in OEF\/OIF\/OND veterans: The TRACTS longitudinal prospective cohort study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2017;26(3):e1556.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486","volume":"30","author":"FW Weathers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Bovin MJ, Lee DJ, Sloan DM, Schnurr PP, Kaloupek DG, et al. The clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans. Psychol Assess. 2018;30(3):383\u201395.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.282","volume":"41","author":"TW McAllister","year":"2016","unstructured":"McAllister TW, Zafonte R, Jain S, Flashman LA, George MS, Grant GA, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate or galantamine for persistent emotional and cognitive symptoms associated with PTSD and\/or traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41(5):1191\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1417_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.049","volume":"184","author":"AE Ashley-Koch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ashley-Koch AE, Garrett ME, Gibson J, Liu Y, Dennis MF, Kimbrel NA, et al. Genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Iraq-Afghanistan era veterans. J Affect Disord. 2015;184:225\u201334.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"15","key":"1417_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4649-y","volume":"234","author":"AM Rasmusson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rasmusson AM, Marx CE, Jain S, Farfel GM, Tsai J, Sun X, et al. A randomized controlled trial of ganaxolone in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2017;234(15):2245\u201357.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9744-5","volume":"12","author":"C Lepage","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lepage C, de Pierrefeu A, Koerte IK, Coleman MJ, Pasternak O, Grant G, et al. White matter abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury with and without post-traumatic stress disorder: a subject-specific diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain Imaging Behav. 2018;12(3):870\u201381.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"1417_CR74","unstructured":"Katrinli S, PGC-PTSD-EWAS. EPICv2 pipeline (v.1.0). 2024. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/PGC-PTSD-EWAS\/EPIC_QC."},{"key":"1417_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gdata.2016.05.012","volume":"9","author":"DL McCartney","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCartney DL, Walker RM, Morris SW, McIntosh AM, Porteous DJ, Evans KL. Identification of polymorphic and off-target probe binding sites on the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Genom Data. 2016;9:22\u20134.","journal-title":"Genom Data"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw691","volume":"33","author":"JP Fortin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fortin JP, Triche TJ Jr, Hansen KD. Preprocessing, normalization and integration of the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array with minfi. Bioinformatics. 2017;33(4):558\u201360.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034","volume":"28","author":"JT Leek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leek JT, Johnson WE, Parker HS, Jaffe AE, Storey JD. The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation in high-throughput experiments. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(6):882\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1511-5","volume":"18","author":"AE Teschendorff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teschendorff AE, Breeze CE, Zheng SC, Beck S. A comparison of reference-based algorithms for correcting cell-type heterogeneity in epigenome-wide association studies. BMC Bioinformatics. 2017;18(1):105.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1448-7","volume":"19","author":"LA Salas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salas LA, Koestler DC, Butler RA, Hansen HM, Wiencke JK, Kelsey KT, et al. An optimized library for reference-based deconvolution of whole-blood biospecimens assayed using the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadArray. Genome Biol. 2018;19(1):64.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21789","volume":"38","author":"RT Barfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barfield RT, Almli LM, Kilaru V, Smith AK, Mercer KB, Duncan R, et al. Accounting for population stratification in DNA methylation studies. Genet Epidemiol. 2014;38(3):231\u201341.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1131-9","volume":"18","author":"van Iterson M, van Zwet EW, Consortium B, Heijmans BT","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Iterson M, van Zwet EW, Consortium B, Heijmans BT. Controlling bias and inflation in epigenome- and transcriptome-wide association studies using the empirical null distribution. Genome Biol. 2017;18(1):19.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts124","volume":"28","author":"RT Barfield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barfield RT, Kilaru V, Smith AK, Conneely KN. CpGassoc: an R function for analysis of DNA methylation microarray data. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(9):1280\u20131.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","volume":"22","author":"S Balduzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balduzzi S, Rucker G, Schwarzer G. How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial. Evid Based Ment Health. 2019;22(4):153\u201360.","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5761-7","volume":"20","author":"G Mansell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mansell G, Gorrie-Stone TJ, Bao Y, Kumari M, Schalkwyk LS, Mill J, et al. Guidance for DNA methylation studies: statistical insights from the Illumina EPIC array. BMC Genomics. 2019;20(1):366.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv560","volume":"32","author":"B Phipson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phipson B, Maksimovic J, Oshlack A. missMethyl: an R package for analyzing data from Illumina\u2019s HumanMethylation450 platform. Bioinformatics. 2016;32(2):286\u20138.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00923-x","volume":"53","author":"JL Min","year":"2021","unstructured":"Min JL, Hemani G, Hannon E, Dekkers KF, Castillo-Fernandez J, Luijk R, et al. Genomic and phenotypic insights from an atlas of genetic effects on DNA methylation. Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1311\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-023-03011-x","volume":"24","author":"S Villicana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Villicana S, Castillo-Fernandez J, Hannon E, Christiansen C, Tsai PC, Maddock J, et al. Genetic impacts on DNA methylation help elucidate regulatory genomic processes. Genome Biol. 2023;24(1):176.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"1417_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logue MW, Miller MW, Wolf EJ, Huber BR, Morrison FG, Zhou Z, et al. An epigenome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans implicates several new DNA methylation loci. Clin Epigenetics. 2020; IN PRESS.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.03.042"},{"key":"1417_CR89","unstructured":"Daskalakis NP, Iatrou A, Chatzinakos C, Jajoo A, Snijders C, DiPietro CP, et al. Systems biology dissection of PTSD and MDD across brain regions, cell-types and blood. Science. In Revision."},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0822-6","volume":"19","author":"MJ Friedman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Friedman MJ, Huber BR, Brady CB, Ursano RJ, Benedek DM, Kowall NW, et al. VA\u2019s national PTSD brain bank: a national resource for research. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(10):73.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40285-y","volume":"14","author":"G Rompala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rompala G, Nagamatsu ST, Martinez-Magana JJ, Nunez-Rios DL, Wang J, Girgenti MJ, et al. Profiling neuronal methylome and hydroxymethylome of opioid use disorder in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):4544.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1417_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zannas AS. Naturalistic stress hormone levels drive cumulative epigenomic changes along the cellular lifespan. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(16):8778.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168778"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104960","volume":"25","author":"CS Leung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leung CS, Kosyk O, Welter EM, Dietrich N, Archer TK, Zannas AS. Chronic stress-driven glucocorticoid receptor activation programs key cell phenotypes and functional epigenomic patterns in human fibroblasts. iScience. 2022;25(9):104960.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1417_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villica\u00f1a S, Castillo-Fernandez J, Hannon E, Christiansen C, Tsai PC, Maddock J, et al. Genetic impacts on DNA methylation help elucidate regulatory genomic processes. bioRxiv. 2023:2023.03.31.535045.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.31.535045"},{"issue":"6472","key":"1417_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax9198","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax9198","volume":"366","author":"M Uhlen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uhlen M, Karlsson MJ, Zhong W, Tebani A, Pou C, Mikes J, et al. A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of protein-coding genes in human blood cells. Science. 2019;366(6472):eaax9198.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6482","key":"1417_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay5947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5947","volume":"367","author":"E Sjostedt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sjostedt E, Zhong W, Fagerberg L, Karlsson M, Mitsios N, Adori C, et al. An atlas of the protein-coding genes in the human, pig, and mouse brain. Science. 2020;367(6482):eaay5947.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4198-0","volume":"18","author":"R Wilson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson R, Wahl S, Pfeiffer L, Ward-Caviness CK, Kunze S, Kretschmer A, et al. The dynamics of smoking-related disturbed methylation: a two time-point study of methylation change in smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. BMC Genomics. 2017;18(1):805.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.07.004","volume":"86","author":"N Hao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hao N, Whitelaw ML. The emerging roles of AhR in physiology and immunity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;86(5):561\u201370.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"28","key":"1417_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19901","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.28.19901","volume":"274","author":"XQ Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen XQ, Tan I, Leung T, Lim L. The myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase is involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(28):19901\u20135.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.1725","volume":"75","author":"O Story Jovanova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Story Jovanova O, Nedeljkovic I, Spieler D, Walker RM, Liu C, Luciano M, et al. DNA methylation signatures of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly persons: meta-analysis of multiethnic epigenome-wide studies. JAMA Psychiat. 2018;75(9):949\u201359.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1119-5","volume":"17","author":"S Ligthart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ligthart S, Marzi C, Aslibekyan S, Mendelson MM, Conneely KN, Tanaka T, et al. DNA methylation signatures of chronic low-grade inflammation are associated with complex diseases. Genome Biol. 2016;17(1):255.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29792-6","volume":"13","author":"M Wielscher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wielscher M, Mandaviya PR, Kuehnel B, Joehanes R, Mustafa R, Robinson O, et al. DNA methylation signature of chronic low-grade inflammation and its role in cardio-respiratory diseases. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):2408.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0655-6","volume":"46","author":"C Muniz Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muniz Carvalho C, Wendt FR, Maihofer AX, Stein DJ, Stein MB, Sumner JA, et al. Dissecting the genetic association of C-reactive protein with PTSD, traumatic events, and social support. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2021;46(6):1071\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4374","volume":"71","author":"SA Eraly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eraly SA, Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Barkauskas DA, Biswas N, Agorastos A, et al. Assessment of plasma C-reactive protein as a biomarker of posttraumatic stress disorder risk. JAMA Psychiat. 2014;71(4):423\u201331.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"1417_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.02.044","volume":"268","author":"JJ Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang JJ, Jiang W. Immune biomarkers alterations in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2020;268:39\u201346.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00309-0","volume":"2","author":"IC Passos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Passos IC, Vasconcelos-Moreno MP, Costa LG, Kunz M, Brietzke E, Quevedo J, et al. Inflammatory markers in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(11):1002\u201312.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2314913","volume":"15","author":"R Carvalho Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carvalho Silva R, Martini P, Hohoff C, Mattevi S, Bortolomasi M, Menesello V, et al. DNA methylation changes in association with trauma-focused psychotherapy efficacy in treatment-resistant depression patients: a prospective longitudinal study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1): 2314913.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"1417_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.05.036","volume":"311","author":"A Wille","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wille A, Amort T, Singewald N, Sartori SB, Lusser A. Dysregulation of select ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors in high trait anxiety. Behav Brain Res. 2016;311:141\u20136.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0734-4","volume":"26","author":"FW Lohoff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lohoff FW, Roy A, Jung J, Longley M, Rosoff DB, Luo A, et al. Epigenome-wide association study and multi-tissue replication of individuals with alcohol use disorder: evidence for abnormal glucocorticoid signaling pathway gene regulation. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(6):2224\u201337.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00180.1999","volume":"19","author":"LP Baker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baker LP, Nielsen MD, Impey S, Hacker BM, Poser SW, Chan MY, et al. Regulation and immunohistochemical localization of betagamma-stimulated adenylyl cyclases in mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci. 1999;19(1):180\u201392.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1417_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.11.010","volume":"86","author":"S Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li S, Papale LA, Zhang Q, Madrid A, Chen L, Chopra P, et al. Genome-wide alterations in hippocampal 5-hydroxymethylcytosine links plasticity genes to acute stress. Neurobiol Dis. 2016;86:99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0753","volume":"249","author":"MP Verzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verzi MP, Anderson JP, Dodou E, Kelly KK, Greene SB, North BJ, et al. N-twist, an evolutionarily conserved bHLH protein expressed in the developing CNS, functions as a transcriptional inhibitor. Dev Biol. 2002;249(1):174\u201390.","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"1417_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2021.100366","volume":"15","author":"S Katrinli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katrinli S, Smith AK. Immune system regulation and role of the human leukocyte antigen in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurobiol Stress. 2021;15: 100366.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"1417_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.025","volume":"81","author":"GS Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim GS, Smith AK, Xue F, Michopoulos V, Lori A, Armstrong DL, et al. Methylomic profiles reveal sex-specific differences in leukocyte composition associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav Immun. 2019;81:280\u201391.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22269","volume":"44","author":"V Kilaru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kilaru V, Knight AK, Katrinli S, Cobb D, Lori A, Gillespie CF, et al. Critical evaluation of copy number variant calling methods using DNA methylation. Genet Epidemiol. 2020;44(2):148\u201358.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Genome Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13073-024-01417-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13073-024-01417-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13073-024-01417-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T16:14:04Z","timestamp":1734538444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13073-024-01417-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-024-01417-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-994X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All studies were approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) of each respective institution and carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the Helsinki Declaration. The BEAR study was approved by the Lifespan Hospitals IRB. DNHS was approved by the IRB at the University of Michigan and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. DCHS was approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences, Human Research Ethics Committee, University of Cape Town, by Stellenbosch University, and by the Western Cape Provincial Health Research committee. GTP was approved by the IRBs of Emory University School of Medicine and the Research Oversight Committee of Grady Memorial Hospital. NIU study was approved by the Northern Illinois University IRB. Shared Roots study was approved by the IRB of Stellenbosch University (HREC: N13\/08\/115). AURORA is approved by the Biomedical IRB at UNC Chapel Hill through the office of Human Research Ethics, the central IRB for all study sites. H3_Rwanda was approved by the IRB of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Rwanda (No.370\/CMHS\/IRB\/2020). WTC study was approved by the Committees on Research Involving Human Subjects at Stony Brook University. GMRFQUT was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Queensland University of Technology and Greenslopes Private Hospital. MRS was approved by the IRBs of the University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Research Service, and Naval Health Research Center. PRISMO was approved by the IRB of the University Medical Center Utrecht. Army STARRS was approved by the Human Subjects Committees of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences for the Henry M. Jackson Foundation (the primary grantee), the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan (the organization collecting the data), and all other collaborating organizations. PROGrESS was approved by the IRBs at VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, the University of Michigan, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Defense Human Research Protection Office. NCPTSD\/TRACTS was approved by the IRBs of Human Studies Research at the VA Boston Healthcare System. INTRuST was approved by the Human Research Protection Program at the University of California San Diego. VA-M-AA and VA-M-EA were approved by the IRBs at the Salisbury VA, Hampton VA, Durham VA, and Duke University Medical Centers. All individuals provided written informed consent to participate in these studies.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"CYC is an employee of Biogen Inc. NPD has served on scientific advisory boards for BioVie Pharma, Circular Genomics, and Sentio Solutions for unrelated work. NRN serves as an unpaid member of the Ilumivu advisory board. SAMR receives support from the Wounded Warrior Project (WWP), Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Institute of Health (NIH), McCormick Foundation, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Woodruff Foundation, and Department of Defense (DOD). Dr. Rauch receives royalties from Oxford University Press and American. KJR serves as a consultant for Acer, Bionomics, and Jazz Pharma; SABs for Sage, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Senseye. DJS has received consultancy honoraria from Discovery Vitality, Johnson & Johnson, Kanna, L\u2019Oreal, Lundbeck, Orion, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda and Vistagen. MBS has in the past 3\u00a0years received consulting income from Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Aptinyx, atai Life Sciences, BigHealth, Biogen, Bionomics, BioXcel Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clexio, Delix Therapeutics, Eisai, EmpowerPharm, Engrail Therapeutics, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, NeuroTrauma Sciences, PureTech Health, Sage Therapeutics, Sumitomo Pharma, and Roche\/Genentech. MBS has stock options in Oxeia Biopharmaceuticals and EpiVario. MBS has been paid for his editorial work on Depression and Anxiety (Editor-in-Chief), Biological Psychiatry (Deputy Editor), and UpToDate (Co-Editor-in-Chief for Psychiatry). MBS has also received research support from NIH, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Department of Defense. MBS is on the scientific advisory board for the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and the Anxiety and Depression Association of America.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"147"}}